
CAS Name: 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid
Additional Names: a-methylacrylic acid
Percent Composition: C 55.81%, H 7.02%, O 37.17%
Literature References: Occurs in oil from Roman chamomile. Prepd by dehydration of a-hydroxyisobutyric acid: Crawford, US 2143941 (1939 to I.C.I.); by hypochlorite oxidation of methyl a-alkylvinyl ketone: Meitzner, US 2192142 (1940 to Rohm Haas); by hydrolysis of acetone cyanohydrin: Crawford, GB 405699 (1932 to I.C.I.); by oxidation of methacrolein: Bauer, US 2153406 (1939 to Rohm Haas). Toxicity study: W. Deichmann, J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol. 23, 343 (1941). Review: J. W. Nemec, L. S. Kirch in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology vol. 15 (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 3rd ed., 1981) pp 346-376.
CAS Name: 6-[[6-[2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl]-4-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl]acetyl]-2,3-dimethoxybenzoic acid
Additional Names: 6-[[6-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-methoxy-3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl]a...
Literature References: Occurs in opium to the extent of 0.1-0.5%. The separation from morphine mother liquors is tedious: Merck, Chem. Ztg. 13, 525 (1889). Prepn from narcotine or gnoscopine: Roser, Ann. 247, 167 (1888); Frankforter, Keller, Ann. Chem. J. 22, 61 (1899); Frerichs, Arch. Pharm. 241, 259 (1903); Hope, Robinson, J. Chem. Soc. 105, 2100 (1914). Structure: Freund, Frankforter, Ann. 277, 20 (1893); Freund, Michaels, Ann. 286, 248 (1895); Freund, Ber. 40, 194 (1907); Freund, Oppenheim, Ber. 42, 1084 (1909); Addinall, Major, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55, 1202, 2153 (1933).
CAS Name: (3b,4a,5a,24Z)-4-Methylstigmasta-7,24(28)-dien-3-ol
Additional Names: citrostadienol
Percent Composition: C 84.44%, H 11.81%, O 3.75%
Literature References: Occurs in plants. Isoln from wheat germ oil: Anderson et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 48, 2987 (1926); Wallis, Fernholz, ibid. 58, 2446 (1936). Structure: Bernstein, Wallis, ibid. 61, 2308 (1939); Mazur, Sondheimer, ibid. 80, 6293, 6296 (1958). Identity with citrostadienol: Schreiber, Osske, Experientia 19, 69 (1963); eidem, Tetrahedron 20, 2575 (1964). Stereochemistry: C. Brooks et al., Steroids 20, 487 (1972).
CAS Name: 3-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylbenzeneethanaminium
Additional Names: (m-hydroxyphenethyl)trimethylammonium
Literature References: Occurs in skin of the amphibian species of the genus Leptodactylus: its probable precursor is m-tyrosine. Isoln as chloride: Erspamer, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 82, 431 (1959). Prepd as chloride: Buck et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60, 1789 (1938).
CAS Name: (17b)-Estra-1,3,5(10),7-tetraene-3,17-diol
Percent Composition: C 79.96%, H 8.20%, O 11.84%
Literature References: Occurs in the 17a- and 17b-forms. Prepn of b-form by reduction of equilin with sodium in alc: David, Acta Brev. Nederland 4, 63 (1934); Serini et al., US 2221340 (1940 to Schering). Isoln of b-form from pregnant mares' urine: Gaudry, Glen, Ind. Chim. Belge Suppl. 2, 435 (1959). Prepn of a-form by reduction of equilin with aluminum isopropoxide: Carol et al., J. Biol. Chem. 185, 267 (1950). Isoln of a-form from pregnant mares' urine: Glen et al., Nature 177, 753 (1956). a-Form was formerly called b-dihydroequilin and vice versa: Banes et al., J. Biol. Chem. 187, 557 (1950).
CAS Name: 19-Heptyl-10-hydroxy-1,5,10,14-tetraazacyclononadecan-15-one
Percent Composition: C 66.29%, H 11.63%, N 14.05%, O 8.03%
Literature References: Occurs in the bark of Samanea saman Merr. (formerly Pithecolobium saman Benth.), bark and seed of P. bigeminum Mart. and P. lobatum Benth., Leguminosae. Isoln: Greshoff, Ber. 23, 3541 (1890); K. Wiesner et al., Can. J. Chem. 30, 761 (1952). Structure: eidem, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 75, 6348 (1953); D. E. Orr, K. Wiesner, Chem. Ind. (London) 1959, 672; K. Wiesner, D. E. Orr, Tetrahedron Letters no. 16, 11 (1960); K. Wiesner et al., Can. J. Chem. 46, 1886, 3617 (1968).
CAS Name: [1aR-(1aa,4a,4ab,7a,7ab,7ba)]-Decahydro-1,1,4,7-tetramethyl-1H-cycloprop[e]azulen-4-ol
Additional Names: Ledum camphor
Percent Composition: C 81.02%, H 11.79%, O 7.19%
Literature References: Occurs in the essential oil from leaves of Ledum palustre L.: Grassmann, Repert. Pharm. 38, 53 (1931); Hjelt, Ber. 28, 3087 (1895); from L. groenlandicum Veder; L. columbianum Piper, Ericaceae: Cain, Lynn, J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 23, 666 (1934); Penfold, J. Proc. R. Soc. N.S.W. 59, 206 (1925). Structure: G. Büchi et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1959 (no. 6), 14. Stereochemistry: L. Dolejs, F. Sorm, Tetrahedron Lett. 1959 (no. 17), 1; revised stereochemistry: G. Büchi et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 91, 6473 (1969).
CAS Name: (3b,5a,22b,25S)-Spirosolan-3-yl O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1®2)-O-[b-D-xylopyranosyl-(1®3)]-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1®4)-b-D-galactopyranoside
Additional Names: lycopersicin
Percent Compo...
Literature References: Occurs in the extract of leaves of wild tomato plants: Fontaine et al., Arch. Biochem. 18, 467 (1948); Kuhn, Low, Ber. 81, 552 (1948); Kuhn et al., ibid. 83, 448 (1950); Bognar, Makleit, Pharmazie 11, 376 (1956). Yields on partial hydrolysis, besides a-tomatine, the main constituent, b1-, b2-, g- and d-tomatine: Kuhn et al., Ber. 90, 203 (1957). a-Tomatine consists of one mol tomatidine linked to a tetrasaccharide composed of 2 mols D-glucose, 1 mol D-xylose and 1 mol D-galactose: Kuhn et al., Angew. Chem. 68, 212 (1956). Proposed as an alternate precipitant to digitonin: Schultz, Sander, Z. Physiol. Chem. 308, 122 (1957). Structure: Reichstein, ibid. 74, 887 (1962). Toxicity study: Wilson et al., Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 3, 39 (1961).
CAS Name: 1,8-Dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-9,10-anthracenedione
Additional Names: 1,8-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone; 3-hydroxymethylchrysazin; rhabarberone
Percent Composition: C 6...
Literature References: Occurs in the free state and as a glycoside in Rheum (rhubarb), in senna leaves and in various species of Aloe (Liliaceae). Isolation: Condo-Vissicchio, Arch. Pharm. 247, 81 (1909); Mary et al., J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 45, 229 (1956). Prepn: Cahn, Simonsen, J. Chem. Soc. 1932, 2573; Hay, Haynes, ibid. 1956, 3141; Bapat et al., Tetrahedron Letters no. 5, 15 (1960). HPLC determn in plasma: M. Zaffaroni et al., J. Chromatogr. B 796, 113 (2003).
CAS Name: (3b)-3-Hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid
Additional Names: oleanol; caryophyllin
Percent Composition: C 78.90%, H 10.59%, O 10.51%
Literature References: Occurs in the free state in leaves of Olea europaea, Oleaceae, in leaves of Viscum album L., Loranthaceae, in buds of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. Perry, Myrtaceae (cloves), in Swertia japonica (Maxim.) Makino, and in Centaurium umbellatum Gilib. (Erythraea centaurium (L.) Pers.), Gentianaceae; as acetate in birch bark, as glycoside in many saponins. Isoln procedures (from cloves): Winterstein, Stein, Z. Physiol. Chem. 202, 222 (1931); Ruzicka, Hofmann, Helv. Chim. Acta 19, 114 (1936); Picard et al., J. Chem. Soc. 1939, 1047. Structure: Ruzicka et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 29, 210 (1946). Review: J. Simonsen, W. C. T. Ross, The Terpenes vol. 5 (University Press, Cambridge, 1957) pp 221-285. Cf. a- and b-amyrin.
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