
CAS Name: 1,2-Dihydroxy-9,10-anthracenedione
Additional Names: 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone; C.I. Mordant Red 11; C.I. Pigment Red 83; C.I. 58000
Percent Composition: C 70.00%, H 3.36%, O 26.6...
Literature References: Occurs in the root of the madder plant (Rubia tinctorum L., Rubiaceae; Krappwurzel) in combination with 2 mols glucose, called ruberythric acid. Was known and used in ancient Egypt, Persia, and India. Synthesized from 2-anthraquinonesulfonic acid sodium salt : Caro et al., Ber. 3, 359 (1870); Perkin, Ber. 9, 281 (1876). Historical review: Fieser, J. Chem. Educ. 7, 2609 (1930). Laboratory prepn: Gattermann-Wieland, Laboratory Methods of Organic Chemistry (New York, 1937). Modern methods of manufacture: Pohl, Ullmanns Encyklopädie der technischen Chemie vol. I, p 200; Fierz-David and Blangey, Grundlegende Operationen der Farbenchemie (Vienna, 5th ed., 1943). See also Colour Index vol. 4, (3rd ed., 1971) p 4513.
CAS Name: 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene
Additional Names: p-mentha-1,8-diene; cinene; cajeputene; kautschin
Percent Composition: C 88.16%, H 11.84%
Literature References: Occurs in various ethereal oils, particularly in oils of lemon, orange, caraway, dill and bergamot. Isoln of d-limonene from mandarin peel oil (Citrus reticulata Blanco, Rutaceae): Kugler, Kováts, Helv. Chim. Acta 46, 1480 (1963). Review: J. L. Simonsen, The Terpenes vol. I (University Press, Cambridge, 2nd ed., 1947) pp 143-165.
CAS Name: 2-Methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)phenol
Additional Names: 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-1-propenylbenzene; 4-propenylguaiacol
Percent Composition: C 73.15%, H 7.37%, O 19.49%
Literature References: Occurs in ylang-ylang and other essential oils. Prepd from eugenol: West, J. Soc. Chem. Ind. 59, 275 (1940); Pal'gi, Zh. Obshch. Khim. 28, 2239 (1958). Stereochemistry: von Auwers, Ber. 68, 1346 (1935); Puxeddu, Rattu, Gazz. Chim. Ital. 67, 647 (1937). Toxicity study: P. M. Jenner et al., Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 2, 327 (1964).
CAS Name: (3b)-Urs-12-en-3-ol
Additional Names: a-amyrenol; viminalol
Percent Composition: C 84.44%, H 11.81%, O 3.75%
Literature References: Occurs mostly as acetate in latex of rubber trees, in latex from Ficus variegata Blume, Moraceae, also in Balanophora elongata Blume, Balanophoraceae, and in Erythroxylum coca Lam. var. novogranatense Morris, and var. spruceanum Burck, Erythroxylaceae. Isoln from Manila elemi: Vesterberg, Westerlind, Ann. 428, 247 (1922). Structural studies: Spring, Vickerstaff, J. Chem. Soc. 1937, 249; Beynon et al., ibid. 1938, 1233; Meisels et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 32, 1075 (1949), 38, 1298 (1955); Melera et al., ibid. 39, 441 (1956). Identity with viminalol: Soldin, Marais, J. Pharm. Soc. 55, 452 (1966). Formation from ursolic acid: Goodson, J. Chem. Soc. 1938, 999; from boswellic acid: Ruzicka, Wirz, Helv. Chim. Acta 22, 948 (1939). Partial synthesis from glycyrrhetic acid and stereochemistry: Corey, Cantrall, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 81, 1745 (1959). Review: J. Simonsen, W. C. J. Ross, The Terpenes vol. IV (University Press, Cambridge, 1957) pp 116-148.
CAS Name: 4a,9-Epoxycevane-3b,4,14,15a,16b,20-hexol
Percent Composition: C 65.69%, H 8.78%, N 2.84%, O 22.69%
Literature References: Occurs together with germine in various species of Zygadenus (death camas) and Veratrum (Liliaceae): Heyl et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 35, 258 (1913); Heyl, Herr, ibid. 71, 1751 (1949); Kupchan, Deliwala, ibid. 75, 1025 (1953); Klohs et al., ibid. 4925; Stoll, Seebeck, Helv. Chim. Acta 36, 1570 (1953); Kupchan et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 77, 689, 755 (1955). Structure: Kupchan, ibid. 78, 3546 (1956); 81, 1925 (1959).
CAS Name: (7E)-7-(2E)-Butenylidene-1,7-dihydro-1-oxocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester
Additional Names: 3-(2-butenylidene)-2-carboxy-a-(hydroxymethylene)-1,4-cyclopentadiene-1-a...
Literature References: Occurs together with plumieride and plumericin. Isoln from Plumeria acutifolia Poir., Apocynaceae, also from roots of P. rubra var alba: Grumbach et al., Experientia 8, 224 (1952). Structure: Schmid, Bencze, Helv. Chim. Acta 36, 206, 1468 (1953). Stereochemistry: Albers-Schönberg et al., ibid. 45, 1406 (1962). Synthesis: Büchi, Carlson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 90, 5336 (1968); 91, 6470 (1969).
Additional Names: C.I. 77350
Percent Composition: As 32.96%, Co 38.89%, O 28.15%
Literature References: Octahydrate occurs in nature as erythrite or cobalt bloom. Prepn: Gmelins, Cobalt (8th ed.) 58, (part A), 305 (1932) and supplement, 752 (1961); Charles-Messance et al., Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1962, 574. See Colour Index vol. 4 (3rd ed., 1971) p 4664.
CAS Name: N-[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]-D-phenylalanyl-L-cysteinyl-L-tyrosyl-D-tryptophyl-L-lysyl-L-threonyl-N-[(1R,2R)-2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)propyl]...
Literature References: Octapeptide analog of somatostatin, q.v. Designed for targeted radiotherapy vs somatostatin receptor-expressing tumors. Prepn: R. Albert et al., EP 714911; eidem, US 6183721 (1996, 2001 both to Novartis); idem, et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 8, 1207 (1998). Solution-phase synthesis: M. Schottelius et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 44, 2393 (2003). In vivo antineoplastic activity: B. Stolz et al., Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 25, 668 (1998). Receptor binding study: J. C. Reubi et al., ibid. 27, 273 (2000). Clinical pharmacokinetics: F. Jamar et al., Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 30, 510 (2003). Clinical evaluation in neuroendocrine tumors: C. Waldherr et al., J. Nucl. Med. 43, 610 (2002).
CAS Name: D-Phenylalanyl-L-cysteinyl-L-phenylalanyl-D-tryptophyl-L-lysyl-L-threonyl-N-[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)propyl]-L-cysteinamide cyclic (2®7)-disulfide
Additional Names: 1,2-dithia-5,8,...
Literature References: Octapeptide analog of somatostatin, q.v. Prepn: W. Bauer, J. Pless, EP 29579; eidem, US 4395403 (1981, 1983 both to Sandoz); and pharmacology: W. Bauer et al., Life Sci. 31, 1133 (1982). Opiate antagonist properties: R. Maurer et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79, 4815 (1982). Inhibitory effect on human gastroenteropancreatic hormone secretion: M. E. Kraenzlin et al., Experientia 41, 738 (1985). Endocrine profile in humans: E. del Pozo et al., Acta Endocrinol. 111, 433 (1986). Clinical evaluation in acromegaly: G. Plewe et al., Lancet 2, 782 (1984); in autonomic neuropathy: R. D. Hoeldtke et al., ibid. 2, 602 (1986). Symposium on chemistry, pharmacology and clinical trials: Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 21, Suppl. 119, 1-274 (1986); on clinical evaluation in gastrointestinal endocrine tumors: Am. J. Med. 82, Suppl. 5B, 1-99 (1987).
CAS Name: 3-Methoxy-2-(methylamino)benzoic acid methyl ester
Additional Names: 2-(methylamino)-m-anisic acid methyl ester; methyl 2-(methylamino)-3-methoxybenzoate; methyldamascenine; nigelline...
Literature References: Odoriferous principle of oil of Nigella from seeds of Nigella damascena L. and Nigella arvensis L., Ranunculaceae. Early syntheses: Ewins, J. Chem. Soc. 101, 544 (1912); Kaufman, Rothlin, Ber. 49, 578 (1916); Sornet, Manuf. Chem. 5, 87 (1924); Keller, Schulze, Arch. Pharm. 263, 481 (1925). Improved synthesis: Mutschler, ibid. 298, 861 (1965); M. Thoinet et al., Ann. Pharm. Fr. 36, 337 (1978). Toxicity study: Bekemeier et al., Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 168, 199 (1967).
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