
CAS Name: [1R-(2-endo,3-exo)]-3-(Benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester
Additional Names: 3b-hydroxy-1aH,5aH-tropane-2a-carboxylic acid methyl ester benzo...
Literature References: Cocaine diastereomer with greater local anesthetic activity than the natural substance. Synthesis: Einhorn, Marquardt, Ber. 23, 468, 981 (1890); Willstätter, Bode, Ann. 326, 42 (1903); Willstätter, Bommer, ibid. 422, 34 (1921); Willstätter et al., ibid. 434, 138 (1923); GB 210050 (1923 to E. Merck). Configuration: S. P. Findlay, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76, 2855 (1954). Conformational analysis and 1H, 13C NMR studies: F. I. Carroll et al., J. Org. Chem. 1982, 13. Pharmacokinetics: A. L. Misra et al., Experientia 32, 895 (1976). Interaction with sodium channels: J C. Matthews, A. Collins, Biochem. Pharmacol. 32, 455 (1983). Pharmacology of cocaine and pseudococaine: G. Schmidt et al., Arch. Exp. Pathol. Pharmakol. 240, 523 (1961).
CAS Name: 3-(Benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid
Additional Names: 3b-hydroxy-1aH,5aH-tropane-2b-carboxylic acid benzoate; ecgonine benzoate
Percent Composition:...
Literature References: Cocaine metabolite. Isoln from coca leaves: De Jong, Rec. Trav. Chim. 42, 980 (1923). Prepn from l-ecgonine and benzoic anhydride: idem, ibid. 66, 544 (1947).
CAS Name: 3-[(4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-4-methyl-5-(4,6,6-trihydroxy-3,5-dioxa-4,6-diphosphahex-1-yl)thiazolium chloride P,P'-dioxide
Additional Names: thiamine trihydrogen pyropho...
Literature References: Coenzyme required for the decarboxylation of a-keto acids. Most abundant form of thiamine in animal tissues. Identification as cofactor and enzymatic synthesis: K. Lohmann, P. Schuster, Biochem. Z. 294, 183 (1937). Chemical synthesis: Weijlard, Tauber, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60, 2263 (1938); Weil-Malherbe, Biochem. J. 34, 980 (1940); Weijlard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 63, 1160 (1941); Karrer, Viscontini, Helv. Chim. Acta 29, 711 (1946). LC determn in blood: J. W. I. Brunnekreeft et al., J. Chromatogr. 491, 89 (1989). Role in pathogenesis of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome: R. F. Butterworth et al., Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 17, 1084 (1993). Review of enzyme activity: J. Ullrich et al., Vitam. Horm. 28, 365 (1970); of mechanism of action: R. Kluger, Chem. Rev. 87, 863-876 (1987); M. Louloudi, N. Hadjiliadis, Coord. Chem. Rev. 135, 429-468 (1994).
CAS Name: Adenosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate)
Additional Names: ATP; adenosine 5'-triphosphoric acid
Trademarks: Adetol (Kyowa); Atriphos (Biochimica); Striadyne (Am. Home); Triadenyl ...
Literature References: Coenzyme valuable in the transfer of phosphate bond energy. Mammalian skeletal muscle at rest contains 350-400 mg ATP per 100 g. Upon stimulation of the muscle the ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP by the myosin-actin complex unless hydrolysis is prevented by injection of magnesium sulfate. Isoln from rabbit muscle: LePage, Biochem. Prep. 1, 5 (1949); cf. Fiske, Subbarow, Science 70, 381 (1929); Lohmann, Biochem. Z. 223, 460 (1931); 254, 381 (1932); Barrenscheen, Filz, ibid. 250, 281 (1932); Kerr, J. Biol. Chem. 139, 121 (1941); Needham, Biochem. J. 36, 113 (1942). Synthetic routes: Tanaka, Honjo, US 3079379 (1963 to Takeda). Reviews of biosynthesis: Racker, Adv. Enzymol. 23, 323-399 (1961); Deamer, J. Chem. Educ. 46, 198-206 (1971). Reviews of nucleotide coenzymes: Bock in The Enzymes vol. 2A, P. D. Boyer et al., Eds. (Academic Press, New York, 2nd ed., 1960) pp 3-38; A. M. Michelson, The Chemistry of Nucleosides and Nucleotides (Academic Press, New York, 1963) pp 153-250; D. W. Hutchinson, Nucleotides and Coenzymes (John Wiley, New York, 1964) pp 36-82.
CAS Name: 1-(4-Methoxybenzoyl)-2-pyrrolidinone
Additional Names: 1-p-anisoyl-2-pyrrolidinoneTrademarks: Draganon (Roche); Sarpul (Roche)
Percent Composition: C 65.74%, H 5.98%, N 6.39%, O 21...
Literature References: Cognition enhancer related to piracetam, q.v. Prepn: JP Kokai 79 117468; E. Kyburz, W. Aschwanden, US 4369139 (1979, 1983 both to Hoffmann-La Roche). Effects on learning and memory in rats: R. Cumin et al., Psychopharmacology 78, 104 (1982); K. Yamada et al., Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 22, 645 (1985); in monkeys and pigeons: M. J. Pontecorvo, H. L. Evans, ibid. 745. Clinical evaluation in geriatric patients: P. Foltyn et al., Arzneim.-Forsch. 33, 865 (1983); in Alzheimer's disease: L. B. Sourander et al., Psychopharmacology 91, 90 (1987). Review of toxicology: B. Schläppi et al., Drug Invest. 5, Suppl. 1, 50-67 (1993).
CAS Name: N-[2-[Bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide
Additional Names: N-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl]-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide; amacetam
Percent Composition: C 62.4...
Literature References: Cognition enhancer structurally related to piracetam, q.v. Prepn: Y. J. L'Italien, I. C. Nordin, DE 2808067; eidem, US 4145347 (1978, 1979 both to Parke, Davis); D. E. Butler et al., J. Med. Chem. 27, 684 (1984). Pharmacology: B. P. H. Poschel et al., Drugs Exp. Clin. Res. 9, 853 (1983). GC determn in plasma: T. Chang, R. M. Young, J. Chromatogr. 274, 346 (1983). Clinical pharmacokinetics: T. Chang et al., J. Clin. Pharmacol. 25, 291 (1985). Clinical evaluation in Alzheimer's disease: R. J. Branconnier et al., Psychopharmacol. Bull. 19, 726 (1983); in various cognitive disorders: R. Dejong, Curr. Ther. Res. 41, 254 (1987).
CAS Name: 4-(Aminomethyl)-1-(phenylmethyl)-2-pyrrolidinone
Additional Names: (±)-4-(aminomethyl)-1-benzyl-2-pyrrolidinonePercent Composition: C 70.56%, H 7.89%, N 13.71%, O 7.83%
Literature References: Cognition enhancer with cholinergic and cytoprotectant activity. Prepn: K. H. Weber et al., DE 3336024; eidem, US 4833140 (1985, 1989, both to Boehringer, Ing.). Pharmacology: F. J. Kuhn et al., Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 292, 13 (1988). Toxicology: T. Yabe et al., Oyo Yakuri 44, 417 (1992), C.A. 117, 245471s (1992). Clinical effect on cognitive processes: T. F. Münte et al., Neuropsychobiology 19, 158 (1988). Clinical evaluation in Alzheimer's disease: K. Urakami et al., Clin. Neuropharmacol. 16, 347 (1993).
CAS Name: (2,3,4-Trihydroxyphenyl)(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)methanone
Additional Names: 2,3,3',4,4',5'-hexahydroxybenzophenone; 4-galloylpyrogallol
Trademarks: Adlone (Pharmascience)
Percen...
Literature References: Cognition enhancing agent. Prepn: H. Bleuler, A. G. Perkin, J. Chem. Soc. 109, 529 (1916); see also DE 49149 (1889 to BASF). Prepd but not claimed: J. M. Gazave et al., DE 2501443; eidem, US 4015017 (1975, 1977 both to Pharmascience). Pharmacology: R. D. Porsolt et al., Arzneim.-Forsch. 37, 388 (1987). Animal studies in memory improvement: R. D. Porsolt et al., Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 27, 253 (1987); in antagonism of benzodiazepine-induced amnesia: R. D. Porsolt et al., Psychopharmacology 95, 291 (1988). Clinical evaluation in senile dementia: F. Piette et al., Rev. Geriatr. 11, 375 (1986); in Parkinson's disease: H. Allain et al., Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol. 2, 1 (1988).
CAS Name: (1S,2S,3R)-1-(3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,3,7-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid
Percent Composition: C 56.87%, H 5.25%, O 37....
Literature References: Coloring constituent and agent associated with western red cedar asthma. Low-molecular weight lignan which occurs as the (-)-form. Isolation from the heartwood of western red cedar, Thuja plicata Donn: J. A. F. Gardner et al., Can. J. Chem. 37, 1703 (1959). Structure determn: idem et al., ibid. 44, 52 (1966). Absolute configuration: R. J. Swan et al., ibid. 45, 319 (1967). Chromatographic analysis: B. F. MacDonald, E. P. Swan, J. Chromatogr. 51, 553 (1970). Identification as coloring material: Y. Kai, E. P. Swan, Mokuzai Gakkaishi 36, 218 (1990). Role in asthma: M. Chan-Yeung et al., Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 108, 1094 (1973); eidem, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 79, 792 (1987). Mechanism of action study: M. Chan-Yeung, Am. J. Ind. Med. 25, 13 (1994).
CAS Name: C.I. Natural Orange 4
Additional Names: C.I. 75120; arnotta; annotta
Literature References: Coloring matter from seeds of Bixa orellana L., Bixaceae. Extraction from seed: Barnett, Espoy, US 2815287 (1957); Kocher, US 2831775 (1958). Contains bixins, q.v., and several other yellow to orange-red pigments which give carotene reactions: Diemair et al., Naturwissenschaften 39, 211 (1933). Review of chemistry and applications: P. Collins, Food Ingred. Proc. Int. 13, 23-27 (1992). See also: Colour Index vol. 3 (3rd ed., 1971) p. 3233.
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