
CAS Name: Ethanethioic acid S-[1-[2-(acetyloxy)ethyl]-2-[[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]formylamino]-1-propenyl] ester
Additional Names: thioacetic acid S-ester with N-[(4-amino-2-meth...
Literature References: A fat-soluble deriv. of vitamin B1. Prepn: Matsukawa, Kawasaki, J. Pharm. Soc. Jpn. 23, 705, 709 (1953), C.A. 48, 7017e (1954); Takamizawa et al., Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 36, 1214 (1963). Synthesis and pharmacology: Gauthier et al., Ann. Pharm. Fr. 21, 655 (1963). Clinical studies: Wagner, Wagner, Arzneim.-Forsch. 16, 1643 (1966); Blum, Thomas, Pharmacol. Clin. 2, 177 (1970).
CAS Name: 4-[[(2-Amino-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl)methyl]formylamino]benzoic acid
Additional Names: p-[N-[(2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-pteridinyl)methyl]formamido]benzoic acid; p-[N-(2-amino-4-hydr...
Literature References: A folic acid factor that possesses high growth-promoting activity for Streptococcus lactis R (S. faecalis R), but almost none for Lactobacillus casei, chick and rat: Keresztesy et al., Science 97, 465 (1943). Isoln from charcoal adsorbate obtained from the purification of Rhizopus nigricans fumaric acid fermentation liquors: Rickes et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 69, 2749 (1947); Keresztesy, Rickes, US 2478404 (1949 to Merck Co.). Structure: Wolf et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 69, 2753 (1947).
Additional Names: Baltic amber; bernstein; succinite
Literature References: A fossil resin from the extinct pine tree Pinites succinifera (Goepp.) Conway, Pinaceae. Found along the Baltic coast, also mined in Samland (East Prussia). Baltic amber contains: C 79%, H 10.5%, O 10.5%; succinic acid 3-8%; a-amyrin 20-30%. Refs: Plonait, Angew. Chem. 48, 184 (1935); Schmid and co-workers: Ann. 503, 269 (1933); Monatsh. Chem. 63, 210 (1933); 65, 348 (1935); 72, 290, 311 (1939). Review: Berthelot, Chim. Ind. (Paris) 50, 78-9 (1943); Frondel, Econ. Bot. 22, 371 (1968). Infrared spectroscopy of different varieties of powdered amber: C. W. Beck et al., Nature 201, 256 (1964). Chemical constitution: J. B. Lambert, J. S. Frye, Science 217, 55 (1982).
CAS Name: 1,6,7,8,9,11a,12,13,14,14a-Decahydro-1,13-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-cyclopent[f]oxacyclotridecin-4-one
Additional Names: g,4-dihydroxy-2-(6-hydroxy-1-heptenyl)-4-cyclopentanecrotonic acid...
Literature References: A fungal metabolite which is a macrocyclic lactone exhibiting a wide range of antibiotic activity. Produced by Penicillium brefeldianum Dodge: E. Haerri et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 46, 1235 (1963). Also produced by P. decumbens: V. L. Singleton et al., Nature 181, 1072 (1958); P. cyaneum: V. Betina et al., Folia Microbiol. 7, 353 (1962). Structure: H. P. Sigg, Helv. Chim. Acta 47, 1401 (1964). Abs configuration: H. P. Weber et al., ibid. 54, 2763 (1971). Synthesis of (±)-form: E. J. Corey, R. H. Wollenberg, Tetrahedron Lett. 1976, 4705; E. J. Corey et al., ibid. 1977, 2243; R. Baudouy et al., ibid. 2973; P. A. Bartlett, F. R. Green, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 100, 4548 (1978); A. E. Greene et al., ibid. 102, 7583 (1980); M. Honda et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1981, 2679. Total synthesis of (+)-form: T. Kitahara et al., ibid. 1979, 3021. Biosynthesis: B. E. Cross, P. Hendley, Chem. Commun. 1975, 124; C. R. Hutchinson et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103, 2474, 2477 (1981); M. Sunagawa et al., J. Antibiot. 36, 25 (1983). Antifungal activity: V. Betina et al., ibid. 17A, 93 (1964); anti-HeLa cell effect: eidem, Naturwissenschaften 49, 241 (1962). See also W. Keller-Schierlein, "Chemistry of Macrolide Antibiotics" in Fortschr. Chem. Org. Naturst. 30, 313-445 (1973).
CAS Name: Alginic acid sodium salt
Additional Names: sodium alginate; sodium polymannuronate
Trademarks: Alto (Kyosei); Alman (Kyosei); Alloid (Kyosei); Allose (Kyosei)
Literature References: A gelling polysaccharide extracted from giant brown seaweed (giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) Ag., Lessoniaceae) or from horsetail kelp (Laminaria digitata (L.) Lamour, Laminariaceae) or from sugar kelp (Laminaria saccharina (L.) Lamour). Process of manuf: Tseng, Chem. Metall. Eng. 52, 97 (1945); Mantell, The Water-Soluble Gums (New York, 1947); Green, US 2036934 (1936 to Kelco); Gloahec, Herter, US 2128551 (1938 to Algin Corp. of America). Wound healing properties and use in hemostatic dressings: J. H. M. Miller, GB 1328088 (1973 to Wallace, Cameron Co.), C.A. 80, 6974u (1974). Series of articles on hemostatic effects: Yakugaku Zasshi 101, 452-469 (1981), C.A. 95, 35654e, 35655f, 35405z (1981). Immunoadjuvant effect: G. H. Scherr, A. S. Markowitz, US 3075883 (1963 to Consolidated Labs.). Clinical comparison with alum immunoadjuvant: G. Bruno et al., Ann. Allergy 56, 384 (1986). Review of structural studies: D. A. Rees, E. J. Welsh, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 16, 214 (1977). Review of production, properties and use in the food industry: A. Askar, Alimenta 21, 165-169 (1982). Reviews: McNeely, Pettitt, in Industrial Gums, R. L. Whistler, Ed. (Academic Press, New York, 2nd ed., 1973) pp 49-81; I. W. Cottrell, J. K. Baird, "Gums" in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology vol. 12 (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 3rd ed., 1980) pp 48-51.
CAS Name: [1S-(1a,4aa,7a,7aa)]-1-(b-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-7-methyl-5-oxocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester
Additional Names: cornin
Percent Composition:...
Literature References: A glycoside isolated from Verbena officinalis L., Verbenaceae, Cornus florida L., Cornaceae. Refs: Bourdier, J. Pharm. Chim. 27(6), 49, 101 (1908); Holste, Arch. Exp. Pathol. Pharmakol. 101, 46 (1924); Miller, J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 17, 744 (1928). Identity with cornin: Reichert, Arch. Pharm. 273, 357 (1935). Structure: Büchi, Manning, Tetrahedron Lett. 1960, 5 (1960); eidem, Tetrahedron 18, 1049 (1962). Synthesis of verbenalol, the aglycone: P. Callant et al., ibid. 37, 2085 (1981).
CAS Name: 3b-[(2,6-Dideoxy-3-O-methyl-b-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-5b,14-dihydroxy-19-oxocard-20(22)-enolide
Additional Names: K-strophanthin-a
Trademarks: Alvonal MR (Gecke)
Percent Compo...
Literature References: A glycoside of cymarose, the aglucon being strophanthidin. Isoln from Strophanthus kombé Oliv., Apocynaceae: Jacobs, Hoffmann, J. Biol. Chem. 67, 609 (1926); Stoll et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 20, 1484 (1937); from Adonis vernalis L., and A. chrysocyathus Hook., Ranunculaceae: Reichstein, Rosenmund, Pharm. Acta Helv. 15, 150 (1940); Pitra, Cekan, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 26, 1551 (1961); Abubakirov, Yamatova, Zh. Obshch. Khim. 31, 2424 (1961); from Pentopetia androsaemifolia Decne., Asclepiadaceae: Wyss et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 43, 664 (1960); from Castilloa elastica Cerv., Moraceae: Adams, Wilkinson, J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 13, 279 (1961). Structure: Kochetkov et al., Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 136, 613 (1961). Toxicity data: V. G. Vogel, E. Kluge, Arzneim.-Forsch. 11, 848 (1961).
Additional Names: K-Strophanthin; K-strophanthoside
Trademarks: Kombetin (Boehringer, Mann.)
Literature References: A glycoside or a mixture of glycosides obtained from Strophanthus kombé Oliv., Apocynaceae. Properly speaking K-strophanthoside contains a-glucose 19%, b-glucose 19%, cymarose 15%, strophanthidin 47%. K-Strophanthin-b (Strophosid) contains b-glucose, cymarose, and strophanthidin: Geissberger, Schweiz. Med. Wochenschr. 91, 241 (1961). Pharmacology and acute toxicity: H. Mehnert, Arch. Pharmacol. 184, 181 (1937).
CAS Name: 1-O-(4-O-b-D-Galactopyranosyl-b-D-glucopyranosyl)ceramide
Additional Names: lactosylceramide; ceramide-b-lactoside; cerebronylsphingosylglucosidogalactoside; Galb1®4Glcb1®1cer
Literature References: A glycosphingolipid containing lactose and a ceramide (N-acyl fatty acid deriv of a sphingosine). Fatty acid composition is variable but is primarily palmitic, behenic and lignoceric acids. First isolated from human epidermoid carcinoma cells, later found to be one of the major neutrophil glycolipids serving as a neutrophil-differentiation marker. Isoln: M. M. Rapport et al., Cancer 12, 438 (1959). Simplified prepn from ox spleen: M. M. Rapport et al., J. Biol. Chem. 237, 1056 (1962). Structure elucidation: A. C. Schram et al., Nature 197, 1074 (1963). Synthesis: D. Shapiro, E. S. Rachaman, ibid. 201, 878 (1964); K. C. Nicolaou et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110, 7910 (1988). Serological activity: M. M. Rapport, L. Graf, Nature 201, 879 (1964); and effect of fatty acid chain length: L. Graf, M. M. Rapport, Chem. Phys. Lipids 13, 367 (1974). Characterization and distribution of glycolipids in leukemic and nonleukemic blood cells: J. Hildebrand et al., J. Lipid Res. 12, 361 (1971); in neutrophils: B. A. Macher, J. C. Klock, J. Biol. Chem. 255, 2092 (1980). Role as neutrophil cell surface marker: F. W. Symington et al., J. Immunol. 134, 2498 (1985). Intracellular localization: eidem, J. Biol. Chem. 262, 11356 (1987). TLC determn: K. Ogawa et al., J. Chromatogr. 426, 188 (1988). Clinical implications in inflammatory bowel disease: C. R. Stevens et al., Gut 29, 580 (1988). Review of structure, organization and role of glycolipids in the cell surface membrane: S. Hakomori, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 50, 733-764 (1981).
CAS Name: Gum ammoniac
Literature References: A gum-resin exuded from the flowering and fruiting stem of Dorema ammoniacum, D. Don, and probably other Umbelliferae. Habit. Persia, Northern India, Southern Siberia, Africa. Constit. 1.3-6.7% volatile oil; 50-70% resin; 18-26% gum; ash content about 2%, may be as high as 10%; salicylic acid; aminoresinol. Ref: W. Sandermann, Naturharze, Terpentinöl, Tallöl (Springer, 1960) pp 82-83.
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