
Trademarks: GLQ223 (Genelabs)
Literature References: Active component of the traditional Chinese medicine, Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis), known since 300 A.D. and used in gynecological disorders and abortion. Basic polypeptide of 234 amino acids, Mr 26,000 Da, isolated from the roots of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim, Cucurbitaceae. Purification, characterization, and amino acid sequence: W. Yu et al., Pure Appl. Chem. 58, 789 (1986); J. M. Maraganore et al., J. Biol. Chem. 262, 11628 (1987). Conformation: S. Kubota et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 871, 101 (1986); and homology with ricin, q.v.: eidem, Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. 30, 646 (1987). Inhibition of protein synthesis: H. W. Yeung et al., ibid. 31, 265 (1988). Inhibition of HIV replication: M. S. McGrath et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 2844 (1989). Abortifacient activity in animals: M. C. Chang et al., Contraception 19, 175 (1979); S. K. Saksena et al., ibid. 20, 367 (1979); I. F. Lau et al., ibid. 21, 77 (1980). Clinical trial as abortifacient: K. F. Cheng, Obstet. Gynecol. 59, 494 (1982).
Trademarks: Feridex (Advanced Magnetics); Endorem (Guerbet)
Literature References: Active ingredient of colloidal super paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) consisting of nonstoichiometric magnetite cores coated with dextran. Designed for use as hepatic MRI contrast agent. Prepn: E. V. Groman, L. Josephson, WO 8800060; eidem, US 4770183 (both 1988 to Advanced Magnetics). Pharmacokinetics: S. Majumdar et al., Invest. Radiol. 25, 771 (1990). Physical and chemical properties: C. W. Jung, P. Jacobs, Magn. Reson. Imaging 13, 661 (1995). Surface properties: C. W. Jung, ibid. 675. Clinical studies in hepatic imaging: T. J. Vogl et al., Radiology 198, 881 (1996); E. Senéterre et al., ibid. 200, 785 (1996). Series of articles on toxicology: Jpn. Pharmacol. Ther. 22, 57-141 (1994). Review of physicochemical characteristics and clinical applications: O. Clement et al., Top. Magn. Reson. Imaging 9, 167-182 (1998).
Trademarks: GastroMARK (Mallinckrodt); Lumiren (Guerbet)
Literature References: Active ingredient of colloidal super paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) consisting of nonstoichiometric magnetite cores coated with siloxane (FeOx[C3H13N2SiO2]y); designed for use as negative MRI contrast agent. Prepn: M. S. Chagnon et al., EP 125995, R. A. Whitehead et al., US 4554088 (1984, 1985 both to Advanced Magnetics). Physical and chemical properties: C. W. Jung, P. Jacobs, Magn. Reson. Imaging 13, 661 (1995). Surface properties: C. W. Jung, ibid. 675. Clinical study in lower abdominal imaging: R. C. H. Heusler et al., J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 4, 385 (1995); A. D'Arienzo et al., Am. J. Gastroenterol. 95, 720 (2000).
CAS Name: 5,5-Dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione
Additional Names: DMOTrademarks: Eupractone (Baxter)
Percent Composition: C 46.51%, H 5.46%, N 10.85%, O 37.18%
Literature References: Active metabolite of trimethadione, q.v. Prepn: F. Urech, Ber. 13, 485 (1880); R. W. Stoughton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 63, 2376 (1941). Anticonvulsant activity: C. D. Withrow et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 161, 335 (1968); in comparison with trimethadione: H. Ferngren, Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. 26, 177 (1968). Use in measurement of intracellular pH and cellular pH gradients: S. Addanki et al., J. Biol. Chem. 243, 2337 (1968); V. Ehrhardt, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 775, 182 (1984); J. B. Arnold et al., J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 5, 369 (1985). GLC determn: W. Gazdzik, W. Kmiotek, J. Chromatogr. 378, 482 (1986); LC determn in serum: E. Tanaka, S. Misawa, J. Chromatogr. 413, 376 (1987).
CAS Name: [1R-(1a,3a,4a,5b)]-1,3-Bis[[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid
Additional Names: 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid; 1,5-dicaffeylquinic acid...
Literature References: Active principle of artichoke, Cynara scolymus L., Compositae: L. Panizzi, M. L. Scarpati, Gazz. Chim. Ital. 84, 792 (1954). Synthesis of originally proposed structure: L. Panizzi et al., ibid. 806; L. Panizzi et al., US 2863909; US 3100224 (1958, 1963 both to Farmitalia); Alberti et al., US 2918477 (1959). Revised structure: L. Panizzi, M. L. Scarpati, Gazz. Chim. Ital. 95, 71 (1965). NMR confirmation of structure: I. Horman et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. 32, 538 (1984). HPLC determn in pharmaceutics: A. Bettero, Boll. Chim. Farm. 120, 49 (1981). Inhibition of fatty acid mobilization: P. Dorigo, G. Fassina, Pharmacol. Res. Commun. 2, 109 (1970). Reduction of cholesterol levels in rats: J. Wojcicki, Drug Alcohol Depend. 3, 143 (1978). Clinical trial in hyperlipemic syndrome: M. Montini et al., Arzneim.-Forsch. 25, 1311 (1975).
CAS Name: (2a,3b,4a)-2,3,23-Trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid O-6-deoxy-a-L-mannopyranosyl-(1®4)-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1®6)-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl ester
Percent Composition: C 60.11%, H 8.20%, O 31...
Literature References: Active principle of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, Umbelliferae. Trisaccharide moiety linked to the aglycone: asiatic acid. Isoln: J.-E. Bontems, Bull. Sci. Pharmacol. 49, 186 (1941), C.A. 38, 4094 (1944); idem, Gaz. Med. Madagascar 5, 29 (1942). Structure of asiatic acid: J. Polonsky, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1953, 173. Structure of asiaticoside: P. Boiteau et al., Nature 163, 258 (1949); J. Polonsky et al., Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1959, 880. Metabolism: L. F. Chasseaud et al., Arzneim.-Forsch. 21, 1379 (1971). Wound healing properties: H. Rosen et al., Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 125, 279 (1967). Clinical study: J.-P. Bosse et al., Ann. Plast. Surg. 3, 13 (1979). Review on asiatic acid: J. L. Simonsen, W. C. J. Ross, The Terpenes vol. 5 (University Press, Cambridge, 1957) pp 58-67.
CAS Name: 2-[[2,6-Dihydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methyl-5-(1-oxobutyl)phenyl]methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-6-(1-oxobutyl)-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one
Additional Names: 3'-[(5-butyryl-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-...
Literature References: Active principle of fern root: Boehm, Ann. 302, 171 (1898); 329, 321 (1903); from Dryopteris austriaca (Jacq.) Woynar, Polypodiaceae: Aebi et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 40, 266 (1957). Structure: eidem, ibid. 569. Synthesis: Riedl, Mitteldorf, Ber. 89, 2595 (1956).
CAS Name: Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione
Additional Names: D4-pregnene-3,20-dione; corpus luteum hormone; luteohormone
Trademarks: Crinone (Serono); Cyclogest (Alpharma); Estima (EFFIK); Gestone (No...
Literature References: Active principle of the corpus luteum, secreted during the latter half of the menstrual cycle. If pregnancy ensues, secretion continues. Exerts an antiovulatory effect when administered during days 5 to 25 of the normal menstrual cycle. Isoln from corpus luteum of pregnant sows: Butenandt, Westphal, Ber. 67, 1440 (1934); Wintersteiner, Allen, J. Biol. Chem. 107, 321 (1934). Structure: Butenandt et al., Ber. 67, 1611 (1934). Synthesis of DL-form: Johnson et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93, 4332 (1971). Prepn from other steroids in review by W. H. Strain in Gilman's Organic Chemistry vol. II (Wiley, New York, 2nd ed., 1943) pp 1487-1489. Numerous patents, e.g., US 2379832; US 2232438; US 2314185. Anesthetic effect and toxicity: H. Selye, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 46, 116 (1941). Review of physiology: Csapo, Sci. Am. 198, 40-46 (April, 1958); Rothchild, Vitam. Horm. 23, 209-327 (1965). Book: Progesterone and Progestins, C. W. Bardin et al., Eds. (Raven Press, New York, 1982) 462 pp.
CAS Name: 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid 1-methylpropyl ester
Additional Names: icaridin; 1-methylpropyl 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate; hydroxyethyl isobutyl piperi...
Literature References: Acts on certain olfactory receptor cell types to reduce the activating or attracting effect of odor sources. Prepn: B.-W. Krüger et al., EP 289842; eidem, US 4900834 (1988, 1990 both to Bayer). Synthesis and mode of action: J. Boeckh et al., Pestic. Sci. 48, 359 (1996). Field trials in mosquito repellency: H. H. Yap et al., J. Vector Ecol. 23, 62 (1998); A. Badolo et al., Trop. Med. Int. Health 9, 330 (2004). Physical, chemical and toxicological properties: WHO Interim Specification for Icaridin (WHO/IS/TC/668/2001) 16 pp. MS characterization: T. P. Knepper, J. Chromatogr. A 1046, 159 (2004).
CAS Name: 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid strontium salt
Percent Composition: C 27.12%, H 3.79%, O 36.12%, Sr 32.97%
Literature References: Acute toxicity: K. W. Cochran et al., Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med. 1, 637 (1950).
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