
CAS Name: N,N'-Dimethyl-N''-(phenylmethyl)guanidine
Additional Names: 1-benzyl-2,3-dimethylguanidine; N-benzyl-N',N''-dimethylguanidine
Percent Composition: C 67.76%, H 8.53%, N 23.71%
Literature References: Adrenergic neuron blocking agent. Prepn: Walton, Ruffell, US 3168562 (1965 to Wellcome Found.); GB 1084461 and GB 1111564 (1967 and 1968 to Wellcome Found.). Pharmacology: A. L. A. Boura, A. F. Green, Br. J. Pharmacol. 20, 36 (1963); J. A. Oates et al., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 179, 302 (1971). Pharmacokinetics: C. N. Corder, J. Clin. Pharmacol. 19, 428 (1979). HPLC determn in plasma: J. R. Shipe et al., Clin. Chem. 29, 1793 (1983). Anti-arrhythmic activity: M. B. Bacaner, D. G. Benditt, Am. J. Cardiol. 50, 728 (1982); J. C. Somberg et al., ibid. 54, 343 (1984). Review: A. F. Green, Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 13, 25-34 (1982).
CAS Name: [2a(2S,3R,6R),3b,5a]-14-Hydroxy-19-oxo-2,3-[(tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-2H-pyran-3,2-diyl)bis(oxy)]card-20(22)-enolide
Percent Composition: C 65.64%, H 7.22%, O 27.14%
Literature References: African arrow poison and cardiac glycoside produced by Calotropis procera R. Br., Asclepiadaceae: Hesse et al., Ann. 566, 130 (1950). Prepn by hydrolysis of uscharin with 2N H2SO4 in methanol: Hesse et al., Ann. 537, 67 (1938); by treatment of voruscharin with mercuric chloride: Hesse, Ludwig, Ann. 632, 158 (1960). Structure: Crout et al., J. Chem. Soc. 1964, 2187. Revised structure: Brüschweiler et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 52, 2276 (1969). Stereochemistry: H. T. A. Cheung, T. R. Watson, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 1980, 2162.
CAS Name: [2a(2S,3S,4S,6R),3b,5a]-14-Hydroxy-19-oxo-3,2-[(tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,3-diyl)bis(oxy)]card-20(22)-enolide
Percent Composition: C 65.40%, H 7.57%, O 27.04%
Literature References: African arrow poison isolated from milk sap of Calotropis procera Dryand., Asclepiadaceae. Isolation: Lewin, Arch. Exp. Pathol. Pharmakol. 71, 142 (1913); Hesse et al., Ann. 526, 252 (1936); 566, 130 (1950); Rajagopalan et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 38, 1809 (1955). Isoln from Asclepias curassavica L., Asclepiadaceae: S. M. Kupchan et al., Science 146, 1685 (1964). Structure: G. Hesse, G. Lettenbauer, Ann. 623, 142 (1959); Hesse et al., ibid. 625, 157, 161 (1959); D. G. H. Crout et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1963, 63; J. Chem. Soc. 1964, 2187. Extraction from C. procera R.Br. and toxicity: F. Brüschweiler et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 52, 2086 (1969). Revised structure: eidem, ibid. 2276. Sequestration by larvae of Monarch butterfly Danaus plexippus L.: J. N. Sieber et al., J. Chem. Ecol. 6, 321 (1980). Quantitative analysis of cardenolides in latex and leaves of C. procera: eidem, Phytochemistry 21, 2343 (1982). Biosynthesis of labelled compd: M. S. Lee, J. N. Sieber, ibid. 22, 923 (1983).
CAS Name: cis-2,2'-(1-Methyl-2,6-piperidinediyl)bis[1-phenylethanone]
Additional Names: 2,2''-(1-methyl-2,6-piperidinediyl)diacetophenone
Percent Composition: C 78.77%, H 7.51%, N 4.18%, O 9...
Literature References: After lobeline, the most abundant alkaloid of Lobelia inflata L., Lobeliaceae. Isoln: Wieland et al., Ann. 444, 40 (1925). Synthesis: Schöpf, Lehmann, ibid. 518, 1 (1935); Parker et al., J. Chem. Soc. 1959, 2433.
CAS Name: 3,4-Dideoxy-4-[[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino]-2-C-(hydroxymethyl)-D-epiinositol
Additional Names: N-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propyl)valiolamineTrademarks: Basen (Takeda)
Percent ...
Literature References: a-Glucosidase inhibitor. Prepn: S. Horii et al., EP 56194; eidem, US 4701559 (1982, 1987 both to Takeda); and structure-activity study: eidem et al., J. Med. Chem. 29, 1038 (1986). Synthesis: H. Fukase, S. Horii, J. Org. Chem. 57, 3651 (1992). Enzyme inhibition and pharmacology: T. Matsuo et al., Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 55, 314S (1992). Clinical pharmacology: B. Göke et al., Digestion 56, 493 (1995). Clinical evaluation in hyperinsulinemia: K. Shinozaki et al., Metabolism 45, 731 (1996).
CAS Name: 1,5-Dideoxy-1,5-[(2-hydroxyethyl)imino]-D-glucitol
Additional Names: N-(2-hydroxyethyl)moranoline; (2R,3R,4R,5S)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4,5-piperidinetriol; N-(b-hydro...
Literature References: a-Glucosidase inhibitor; hydroxyethyl derivative of 1-deoxynojirimycin, q.v. Prepn: B. Junge et al., DE 2758025; eidem, US 4639436 (1979, 1987 both to Bayer AG). Inhibition of a-glucosidase: B. Lembcke et al., Digestion 31, 120 (1985); and hypoglycemic activity: Y. Yoshikuni et al., J. Pharmacobio-Dyn. 11, 356 (1988). Clinical evaluations in insulin dependent diabetes: J. Gerard et al., Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. Toxicol. 25, 483 (1987); F. P. Kennedy, J. E. Gerich, Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 42, 455 (1987). Review of pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and therapeutic potential in non-insulin dependent diabetes: L. J. Scott, C. M. Spencer, Drugs 59, 521-549 (2000).
CAS Name: (3b,5a,15b,25R)-Spirostan-3,15-diol
Percent Composition: C 74.96%, H 10.25%, O 14.79%
Literature References: Aglycon of digalonin. Isoln from saponin mixture and partial synthesis from digitogenin: Tschesche, Wulff, Ber. 94, 2019 (1961).
CAS Name: (3b,5b,12b,16b)-3,12,14,16-Tetrahydroxycard-20(22)-enolide
Additional Names: 12-hydroxygitoxigenin; 16-hydroxydigoxigenin
Percent Composition: C 67.96%, H 8.43%, O 23.61%
Literature References: Aglycone of diginatin from Digitalis lanata Ehrk., Scrophulariaceae: Murphy, J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. Sci. Ed. 44, 719 (1955). Aglycone of lanatoside D: Angliker et al., Ann. 607, 131 (1957). Obtained by microbiological conversion of gitoxigenin: Tamm, Gubler, Helv. Chim. Acta 41, 1762 (1958); Okado et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull. 8, 530 (1960). Structure: Linde et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 42, 2040 (1959); Okado et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull. 8, 535 (1960).
CAS Name: 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
Additional Names: 3',5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone; cyanidenon-4'-methyl ether 1479; luteolin-4'-methyl ether
P...
Literature References: Aglycone of diosmin, q.v. Prepn from diosmin isolated from various plant sources: O. A. Oesterle, G. Wander, Helv. Chim. Acta 8, 519 (1925); isoln from lemons (Citrus limon Linn., Rutaceae): R. M. Horowitz, J. Org. Chem. 21, 1184 (1956). Synthesis and structural elucidation: G. Zemplén, R. Bognár, Ber. 76, 452 (1943). Synthesis: A. Lovecy et al., J. Chem. Soc. 1930, 817; N. B. Lorette et al., J. Org. Chem. 16, 930 (1951); J. H. Looker, M. J. Holm, ibid. 24, 1019 (1959). HPLC determn in biological fluids: D. Baylocq et al., Ann. Pharm. Fr. 41, 115 (1983).
CAS Name: (3b,25R)-Spirost-5-en-3-ol
Additional Names: nitogenin
Percent Composition: C 78.21%, H 10.21%, O 11.58%
Literature References: Aglycone of saponin dioscin. From Dioscorea tokoro Makino, Dioscoreaceae: Tsukamoto, J. Pharm. Soc. Jpn. 56, 135 (1936); from rhizomes of Trillium erectum L., Liliaceae and D. villosa L., Dioscoreaceae: Marker et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 62, 2542 (1940). Plant sources for diosgenin: Marker et al., ibid. 65, 1199 (1943); Wall et al., J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. Sci. Ed. 46, 653 (1957). Identity with nitogenin: Marker et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 65, 1248 (1943). Structure: Marker et al., ibid. 62, 2525 (1940). Configuration at C25: James, J. Chem. Soc. 1955, 637. Synthesis: Mazur et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 82, 5889 (1960); Kessar et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1966, 4319. Obtained commercially from Dioscorea composita Hemsl. and D. terpinapensis Uline (see under Barbasco). Isoln from barbasco varieties: Julian, US 3019220 (1962 to Julian Labs.).
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