
CAS Name: [(6-O-b-D-Glucopyranosyl-b-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]benzeneacetonitrile
Additional Names: amygdaloside; mandelonitrile-b-gentiobioside; D-mandelonitrile-b-D-glucosido-6-b-D-glucosidePerce...
Literature References: The name amygdalin is currently used interchangeably with laetrile. Cyanogenic glycoside which occurs in seeds of Rosaceae; principally in bitter almonds; also in peaches and apricots. Most common constituent of Laetrile® preparations. Structure and synthesis: W. N. Haworth, B. Wylam, J. Chem. Soc. 123, 3120 (1923); Kuhn, Ber. 56, 857 (1923); R. Campbell, W. N. Haworth, J. Chem. Soc. 125, 1337 (1924); Hudson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 46, 483 (1924); Zemplén, Kunz, Ber. 57, 1357 (1924); Kuhn, Sobotka, ibid. 1767; Baumann, Pigman, The Carbohydrates, W. Pigman, Ed. (Academic Press, New York, 1957) p 550. Enzymic hydrolysis studies: Haisman, Knight, Biochem. J. 103, 528 (1967). The term Laetrile® has also been applied to mandelonitrile b-glucuronide. Purported prepn: E. T. Krebs, E. T. Krebs, Jr., GB 788855 (1958) and US 2985664 (1961). Synthesis, characterization and comparison of mandelonitrile b-glucuronide with amygdalin: C. Fenselau et al., Science 198, 625 (1977). Pharmacology and cyanide toxicity studies of amygdalin (laetrile): C. G. Moertel et al., J. Am. Med. Assoc. 245, 591 (1981); M. M. Ames et al., Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 6, 51 (1981). Pharmacokinetics: A. G. Rauws et al., Arch. Toxicol. 49, 311 (1982). Determn methods in tissues and fluids: J. Balkon, J. Anal. Toxicol. 6, 244 (1982). Amygdalin (laetrile) is a toxic drug that is not effective as a cancer treatment: C. G. Moertel et al., N. Engl. J. Med. 306, 201 (1982). Review of the controversial use of amygdalin (laetrile): V. Herbert, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 32, 1121-1158 (1979).
CAS Name: 7,11-Dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-dodecatriene
Percent Composition: C 88.16%, H 11.84%
Literature References: The naturally occurring trans form or (E)-isomer is a constituent of various essential oils, see F. Sorm et al., Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 14, 699 (1949); 15, 626 (1951); also an alarm pheromone of several aphid species: Bowers et al., Science 177, 1121 (1972); Edwards et al., Nature 241, 126 (1973); W. S. Bowers et al., J. Insect Physiol. 23, 697 (1977). Isoln from leaves of wild potato, Solanum berthaultii Hawkes, Solanaceae: R. W. Gibson, J. A. Pickett, Nature 302, 608 (1983). Prepd by dehydration of farnesol: Bhati, Perfum. Essent. Oil Rec. 54, 376 (1963); Brieger, J. Org. Chem. 32, 3720 (1967); alternate syntheses: Tanaka et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 97, 3252 (1975); S. Akutagawa et al., Chem. Lett. 1976, 485; O. P. Vig et al., Indian J. Chem. Sect. B 18, 33 (1979). Synthesis of (Z)-isomer: Anet, Aust. J. Chem. 23, 2101 (1970); O. P. Vig et al., J. Indian Chem. Soc. 47, 999 (1970); eidem, Indian J. Chem. 13, 1244 (1975).
CAS Name: Hexanedioic acid compd with piperazine (1:1)
Trademarks: Entacyl (BDH); Oxyzin (tabl.); Vermicompren (tabl.) (Merck KGaA); Nometan; Oxypaat (Katwijk); Pipadox (Dagra); Oxurasin
Per...
Literature References: The neutral salt of piperazine and adipic acid: Davies et al., J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 6, 707 (1954). Prepn in methanolic medium: Forrest, Petrow, US 2799617 (1957 to British Drug Houses); GB 767826. Pharmacology: B. G. Cross et al., J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 6, 711 (1954).
Additional Names: N-Desulfoheparin
Literature References: The -NHSO3H groups in heparin are replaced by -NH2 groups. Prepn of sodium salt by methanolysis of sodium heparinate and saponification: Velluz et al., Compt. Rend. 247, 1521 (1958); from sodium heparinate heated with HCl, neutralized with NaHCO3 and dialyzed against running water: Foster et al., J. Chem. Soc. 1961, 1204; from sodium heparinate demineralized with Dowex 50 resin: GB 863235 (1961 to UCLAF).
CAS Name: D-Glucaric acid calcium salt
Percent Composition: C 29.03%, H 3.25%, Ca 16.15%, O 51.57%
Literature References: The normal calcium salt of D-saccharic acid, a dicarboxylic sugar acid derived from the oxidation of D-gluconic acid. Calcium D-saccharate is a true chemical compd and should not be confused with saccharated lime, formerly called "calcium saccharate" and produced by the action of lime upon sugar. Prepn: Beilstein vol. 3, 2nd suppl., 378; Hagers Handb. Pharm. Praxis vol. 1, 755 (Berlin, 1930).
CAS Name: (2E,8E,10E)-2,8,10-Heptadecatriene-4,6-diyne-1,14-diol
Additional Names: oenanthotoxin
Percent Composition: C 79.03%, H 8.58%, O 12.39%
Literature References: The poisonous principle of Oenanthe crocata L., Umbelliferae, the hemlock water dropwort, a toxic plant known since 1746 and believed to be the most poisonous plant in England. Isoln: Clarke et al., J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1, 377 (1949). Structure studies: Anet et al., Chem. Ind. (London) 1952, 757; J. Chem. Soc. 1953, 309. Synthesis of DL-form: Bohlmann, Viehe, Ber. 88, 1245 (1955). Fluorimetric determn: B. Del Castillo et al., Ital. J. Biochem. 29, 233 (1980). Blocking of sodium current and intramembrane charge movement: J. M. Dubois, M. F. Schneider, Nature 289, 685 (1981); eidem, Toxicon 20, 49 (1982). Toxicity study: M. P. Martinez-Honduvilla et al., Arch. Farmacol. Toxicol. 7, 197 (1981).
CAS Name: a-Bromobenzeneacetonitrile
Additional Names: a-bromophenylacetonitrile; a-bromo-a-tolunitrile; B.B.C.; C.A.
Trademarks: Camite
Percent Composition: C 49.01%, H 3.08%, Br 40.76%,...
Literature References: The practical industrial prepn consists of three steps: (1) Chlorination of toluene to form benzyl chloride, (2) conversion of benzyl chloride to benzyl cyanide by the action of sodium cyanide in alcoholic soln, (3) bromination of the benzyl cyanide with bromine vapor in the presence of sunlight: Steinkopf et al., Ber. 53, 1146 (1920); Nekrassov, J. Prakt. Chem. 119, 108 (1928).
CAS Name: (5R-trans)-5-Ethenyl-6-(b-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-5,6-dihydro-1H,3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1-one
Additional Names: gentiopicroside
Percent Composition: C 53.93%, H 5.66%, O 40.41%
Literature References: The principal bitter glucoside of common gentians, which was isolated in 1862 from Gentiana lutea, L., Gentianaceae: Canonica et al., Tetrahedron 16, 192 (1961). Isoln from roots of G. lutea: Korte, Ber. 87, 512 (1954); Korte et al., ibid. 91, 759 (1958). Structure: Canonica et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1960(24), 7; Tetrahedron 16, 192 (1961). Revised structure: Inouye et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1968, 4429. Absolute configuration: Manitto, Pagnoni, Gazz. Chim. Ital. 94, 229 (1964).
CAS Name: (3b,5Z,7E)-9,10-Secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene-3,25-diol
Additional Names: 25-hydroxyvitamin D3; 25-hydroxycholecalciferol; 25-HCCTrademarks: Dedrogyl (DESMA); Didrogyl (Bruno); Hidro...
Literature References: The principal circulating form of vitamin D3, formed in the liver by hydroxylation at C-25: Ponchon, DeLuca, J. Clin. Invest. 48, 1273 (1969). It is the intermediate in the formation of 1a,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, q.v., the biologically active form of vitamin D3 in the intestine. Identification in rat as an active metabolite of vitamin D3: Lund, DeLuca, J. Lipid Res. 7, 739 (1966); Morii et al., Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 120, 513 (1967). Evaluation of biological activity in comparison with vitamin D3: Blunt et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 61, 717 (1968); ibid. 1503. Isoln from porcine plasma and establishment of structure: Blunt et al., Biochemistry 7, 3317 (1968). Synthesis: Blunt, DeLuca, ibid. 8, 671 (1969). Review of isoln, identification and synthesis: DeLuca, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 22, 412 (1969). Review of bioassays: J. G. Haddad Jr., Basic Clin. Nutr. 2, 579-597 (1980).
CAS Name: 2-[3,4-Bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-3-[[6-O-(6-deoxy-a-L-mannopyranosyl)-b-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-5-hydroxy-7-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
Additional Names: 7,3',4'-tris[O-(2...
Literature References: The principal component of a mixture, the O-(b-hydroxyethyl)rutosides, which also contains mono-, di-, tetra- and other trihydroxyethyl derivs of rutin, q.v. The mixture is prepd by the hydroxyethylation of the phenolic groups of rutin with glycochlorohydrin in alk medium: J. Favre, CH 349614 (1957); see also GB 833174 (1960 to Zyma), C.A. 54, 21135i (1960). Isolation and identification of major components of the mixture: P. Courbat et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 49, 1203, 1420 (1966). Prepn of troxerutin: P. J. Courbat, US 3420815 (1969 to Zyma). Metabolism in man: A. M. Hackett et al., Arzneim.-Forsch. 26, 925 (1976).
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