
CAS Name: 5-Amino-4-oxopentanoic acid methyl esterPercent Composition: C 49.64%, H 7.64%, N 9.65%, O 33.07%
Literature References: Prodrug of d-aminolevulinic acid, q.v.; induces production of intracellular protoporphyrin IX. Prepn: S. I. Zav'yalov, A. G. Zavozin, Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR Div. Chem. Sci. 36, 1663 (1987). Porphyrin enrichment in solar keratoses: C. Fritsch et al., Photochem. Photobiol. 68, 218 (1998). Clinical trial in photodynamic therapy of basal cell carcinomas: A. M. Soler et al., Br. J. Dermatol. 145, 467 (2001); C. Vinciullo et al., Br. J. Dermatol. 152, 765 (2005); in actinic keratosis: R. M. Szeimies et al., J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 47, 258 (2002). Review of pharmacology and clinical experience: M. A. A. Siddiqui et al., Am. J. Clin. Dermatol. 5, 127-137 (2004).
CAS Name: 2-[[3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino]-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid 1,3-dihydro-3-oxo-1-isobenzofuranyl ester
Additional Names: phthalidyl 2-(3-trifluoromethylanilino)nicotinate; phthalidy...
Literature References: Prodrug of niflumic acid, q.v. Prepn: BE 858864 (1978 to Bago), C.A. 89, 109104 (1978); S. Bago, US 4168313 (1979). Synthesis and pharmacologic study: M. Los et al., Farmaco Ed. Sci. 36, 372 (1981). HPLC determn in plasma: D.-J. Jang et al., Biomed. Chromatogr. 19, 32 (2005). Review of clinical development as a mucoregulator: D. Knight, Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs 5, 557-562 (2004).
CAS Name: 2-[2-(2-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethyl]-1,3-propanediol diacetate (ester)
Additional Names: 9-[4-acetoxy-3-(acetoxymethyl)but-1-yl]-2-aminopurine; FCVTrademarks: Oravir (SKB); Famvir (SKB)...
Literature References: Prodrug of penciclovir, q.v. Prepn: M. R. Harnden, R. L. Jarvest, AU 85 47560; eidem, US 5246937 (1986, 1993 both to Beecham); M. R. Harnden et al., J. Med. Chem. 32, 1738 (1989). HPLC determn in plasma and urine: J. R. McMeekin et al., Anal. Proc. 29, 178 (1992). Review of metabolism and mode of action: R. A. Vere Hodge, Antiviral Chem. Chemother. 4, 67-84 (1993). Series of articles on pharmacology and pharmacokinetics: ibid. Suppl. 1, 37-68 (1993). Review of clinical efficacy in herpes zoster and genital herpes: R. Circelli et al., Antiviral Res. 29, 141-151 (1996).
CAS Name: 5,5-Diphenyl-3-[(phosphonooxy)methyl]-2,4-imidazolidinedione
Additional Names: 3-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-diphenylhydantoin phosphate ester; (3-phosphoryloxymethyl)phenytoin; prophenytoin<...
Literature References: Prodrug of phenytoin, q.v. Prepn: V. J. Stella, K. B. Sloan, US 4260769 (1981 to INTERx). Series of articles on chemical properties and pharmacokinetics: S. A. Varia et al., J. Pharm. Sci. 73, 1068-1090 (1984). Pharmacology: R. D. Smith et al., Epilepsia 30, Suppl. 2, S15 (1989). Clinical bioavailablilty and pharmacokinetics: B. D. Jamerson et al., ibid. 31, 592 (1990). Series of articles on use in epilepsy: Neurology 46, Suppl. 1, S1-S28 (1996). Clinical trial in epilepsy and neurosurgery: B. J. Wilder et al., Arch. Neurol. 53, 764 (1996).
CAS Name: Carbonic acid ethyl 1-[[2-methyl-3-[(2-pyridinylamino)carbonyl]-2H-1,2-benzothiazin-4-yl]oxy]ethyl ester S,S-dioxide
Additional Names: (±)-4-(1-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methyl-N-2-pyridy...
Literature References: Prodrug of piroxicam, q.v. Prepn: A. Marfat, EP 147177; idem, US 4551452 (both 1985 to Pfizer). Clinical pharmacokinetics: F. C. Falkner et al., Xenobiotica 20, 645 (1990). Toxicity study: M. Iijima et al., Oyo Yakuri 43, 1 (1992); C.A. 116, 187689k (1992). Pharmacology: T. J. Carty et al., Agents Actions 39, 157 (1993). Clinical trial in oral postoperative pain: K. Kurita et al., Oral. Ther. Pharmacol. 10, 138 (1991); in rheumatoid arthritis: S. Irimajiri et al., Jpn. J. Inflammation 12, 81 (1992).
CAS Name: [2,6-Bis(1-methylethyl)phenoxy]methanol dihydrogen phosphate
Additional Names: phosphono-O-methyl-2,6-diisopropylphenol
Percent Composition: C 54.16%, H 7.34%, O 27.75%, P 10.74%
Literature References: Prodrug of propofol, q.v. Prepn: V. J. Stella et al., WO 0008033; eidem, US 6204257 (2000, 2001 to Univ. Kansas). Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: J. Fechner et al., Anesthesiology 99, 303 (2003). Clinical evaluation to induce and maintain sedation: eidem, Anesth. Analg. 100, 701 (2005). Clinical comparison with propofol: E. Gibiansky et al., Anesthesiology 103, 718 (2005); M. M. R. Struys et al., ibid. 730. Review: M. D. Krasowski, Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs 6, 90-98 (2005).
CAS Name: 2-Propylpentanamide
Additional Names: 2-propylvaleramide; 2-propylpentamide; dipropylacetamide
Trademarks: Depamide (Sanofi)
Percent Composition: C 67.08%, H 11.96%, N 9.78%, O ...
Literature References: Prodrug of valproic acid, q.v. Prepn: E. Fischer, A. Dilthey, Ber. 35, 844 (1902); M. Tiffeneau, Y. Deux, Compt. Rend. 212, 105 (1941). GC determn in plasma: M. Pokrajac et al., Pharm. Acta Helv. 67, 237 (1992). Review of pharmacology and clinical activity: M. Bialer, Clin. Pharmacokinet. 20, 114-122 (1991).
CAS Name: 2,2',2''-Nitrilotrisethanol
Additional Names: trihydroxytriethylamine; tris(hydroxyethyl)amine; triethylolamine; trolamine
Percent Composition: C 48.30%, H 10.13%, N 9.39%, O 32.17...
Literature References: Produced along with mono- and diethanolamine by ammonolysis of ethylene oxide. See the refs under Ethanolamine. Monograph: E. J. Fischer, Triäthanolamin und andere Alkanolamine (Heidelberg, 4th ed., 1954).
CAS Name: 2,2'-Iminobisethanol
Additional Names: 2,2'-iminodiethanol; diethylolamine; bis(hydroxyethyl)amine; 2,2'-dihydroxydiethylamine
Percent Composition: C 45.69%, H 10.55%, N 13.32%, O ...
Literature References: Produced along with mono- and triethanolamine by ammonolysis of ethylene oxide. See refs under Ethanolamine. Toxicity study: H. F. Smyth et al., J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol. 23, 259 (1941).
CAS Name: (2S,5R,6R)-3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(1-oxo-3-hexenyl)amino]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
Additional Names: 2-pentenylpenicillin; penicillin I
Percent Compositio...
Literature References: Produced by certain strains of Penicillium chrysogenum and P. notatum. Separation and purification by partition chromatography, cf. monograph by Boon and Carrington in Chemistry of Penicillin (Princeton, 1949). Prepn of cryst penicillin F: Wintersteiner, Adler, US 2485227 (1949 to Squibb).
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