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项目整合的本质是一项集合成方法学、反应工程学与过程分析技术于一体的系统工程。其核心逻辑可以概括为以下几点：源头优选：利用如N-硝胺化学等底层方法学突破，从分子层面颠覆传统高成本、高污染路线。过程强化：依托连续流技术，攻克有机金属试剂应用、光化学反应放大等“不可能”任务，实现高危工艺的本质安全。系统集成：整合“反应-淬灭-分离”全流程，利用微流控与在线分析技术，消除批次间的差异，实现药品制造的连续化与智能化。当前，中间体工艺研发正在经历从“经验驱动”向“数据驱动”的转变。AI辅助路线设计、自动化高通量筛选与连续制造平台的结合，将使得“分子结构与最优工艺路径”之间的映射关系逐渐清晰。未来的竞争优势，将属于那些能够将底层化学创新与先进工程技术进行无缝整合的研发体系。
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Pteroylhexaglutamylglutamic Acid CAS Registry Number: 6484-74-8

Additional Names: Pteroylheptaglutamic acid; vitamin Bc conjugate; Bc conjugate; PHGA
Percent Composition: C 48.40%, H 5.06%, N 14.97%, O 31.58%
Literature References: One of the naturally occurring polyglutamates of folic acid. Isoln from yeast: Pfiffner et al., Science 102, 228 (1945); J. Am. Chem. Soc. 68, 1392 (1946). Solid phase synthesis: C. L. Krumdieck, C. M. Baugh, Biochemistry 8, 1568 (1969); eidem, Methods Enzymol. 66, 523 (1980). Chain length characterization of pteroylpolyglutamates: D. G. Priest et al., Anal. Biochem. 115, 163 (1981).

Virginiamycin CAS Registry Number: 11006-76-1 维吉尼霉素

Additional Names: Staphylomycin; virgimycinTrademarks: Eskalin (SKB); Stafac (SKB); Staphylomycine (SKB)
Literature References: One of the streptogramins, q.v., produced by a Streptomyces virginiae: P. De Somer, P. Van Dijck, Antibiot. Chemother. 5, 632 (1955). Two principal components S1 and M1. Separation of factors M and S: H. Vanderhaeghe et al., ibid. 7, 606 (1957); of the complex into six components: Gosselinckx, Parmentier, Chromatogr. Symp., 2nd 1962, 1817. Nomenclature and identification with other streptogramins: P. Crooy, R. De Neys, J. Antibiot. 25, 371 (1972). HPLC determn in animal feeds: F. Gossele et al., Analyst 116, 1373 (1991). Quantitative determn of components from fermentation broth: B. V. Tyaglov et al., J. Planar Chromatogr. Mod. TLC 8, 374 (1995). Mode of action: B. T. Porse, R. A. Garrett, J. Mol. Biol. 286, 375 (1999). Review: A. M. Biot, Drugs Pharm. Sci. 22, 695-720 (1984). Review of use in feed: W. Witte et al., Acta Vet. Scand. Suppl. 93, 37-45 (2000).

Pristinamycin CAS Registry Number: 270076-60-3 普那霉素

Trademarks: Pyostacine (RPR)
Literature References: One of the streptogramins, q.v., produced by Streptomyces pristinaespiralis (NRRL 2958). The two major components are IA and IIA. Isoln: W. D. Celmer, B. A. Sobin, Antibiot. Annu. 1955-1956, 437; D. I. Mancy et al., FR 1301857; eidem, US 3154475 (1962, 1964 both to Rhône-Poulenc); J. Preud'homme et al., Compt. Rend. 260, 1309 (1965). Isoln and characterization of constituents: idem et al., Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1968, 585. HPLC determn of major components in plasma: C. Koechlin et al., J. Chromatogr. 425, 197 (1988). Total synthesis of IIB: P. Breuilles, D. Uguen, Tetrahedron Lett. 39, 3149 (1998). Pharmacokinetics: C. Koechlin et al., J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 25, 651 (1990). Clinical trial in pneumonia: R. Poirier, Presse Med. 28, Suppl. 1, 13 (1999).

Triflic Acid CAS Registry Number: 1493-13-6 三氟甲烷磺酸

CAS Name: Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid
Additional Names: TFMSA
Percent Composition: C 8.00%, H 0.67%, F 37.98%, O 31.98%, S 21.37%
Literature References: One of the strongest acids known. Prepn: R. N. Haszeldine, J. M. Kidd, J. Chem. Soc. 1954, 4228. Acid-base equilibria study: Y. Y. Fialkov, V. I. Ligus, J. Gen. Chem. USSR 42, 256 (1972). Deprotecting agent in peptide chemistry: H. Yajima et al., J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1974, 107. Hammett acidity function: S. Saito et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull. 39, 2718 (1991). Electrochemical determn of ionic form: F. Favier, J. L. Pascal, Analyst 116, 479 (1991). Ion chromatographic determn of triflic and trifluoroacetic acids: N. Simonzadeh, J. Chromatogr.634, 125 (1993). Reviews: R. D. Howells, J. D. McCown, Chem. Rev. 77, 69-92 (1977); P. J. Stang, M. R. White, Aldrichim. Acta 16, 15-22 (1983).

Thyroxine CAS Registry Number: 51-48-9 左旋甲状腺素

CAS Name: O-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine
Additional Names: (-)-3-[4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl]alanine; 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodo-L-thyronine; levothyroxine;...
Literature References: One of the thyroid hormones involved in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. Synthesized and stored as amino acid residues of thyroglobulin, the major protein component of the thyroid follicular colloid. Synthesis and secretion are regulated by the pituitary hormone, TSH, q.v. Circulates in the serum bound to specific proteins, primarily thyroxine-binding globulin, transthyretin, and albumin. Deiodinated in peripheral tissues to the active metabolite, liothyronine, q.v. The D-form has very little activity as a thyroid hormone, but has been used to treat hyperlipidemia. Isoln from thyroid: E. C. Kendall, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 64, 2042 (1915); idem, J. Biol. Chem. 39, 125 (1919). Structure: C. R. Harington, Biochem. J. 20, 293, 300 (1926). Synthesis: C. R. Harington, G. Barger, ibid. 21, 169 (1927); of naturally occurring L-form: J. R. Chalmers et al., J. Chem. Soc. 1949, 3424; of isomers and racemate: L. G. Ginger, P. Z. Anthony, US 2889363; US 2889364 (both 1959 to Baxter Labs.). Direct determn in serum by RIA: J. C. Nelson, R. T. Tomel, Clin. Chem. 34, 1737 (1988). Comprehensive description of levothyroxine sodium: A. Post, R. J. Warren, Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. 5, 225-281 (1976). Review of pharmacology: E. Sypniewski, Ann. Thorac. Surg. 56, S2-S8 (1993); of therapeutic use: A. D. Toft, N. Engl. J. Med. 331, 174-180 (1994). Review of thyroid physiology: D. A. Fisher, Clin. Chem. 42, 135-139 (1996); R. R. Cavalieri, Thyroid 7, 177-181 (1997).

Bongkrekic Acid CAS Registry Number: 11076-19-0 米酵菌酸

CAS Name: (2E,4Z,6R,8Z,10E,14E,17S,18E,20Z)-20-(Carboxymethyl)-6-methoxy-2,5,17-trimethyl-2,4,8,10,14,18,20-docosaheptaenedioic acid
Additional Names: 3-carboxymethyl-17-methoxy-6,18,21-trimeth...
Literature References: One of the two toxic antibiotic principles produced by Pseudomonas cocovenenans on partially defatted coconut; the other being toxoflavin, q.v. Name derived from "bongkrek", a molded coconut product from Indonesia which becomes highly poisonous when P. cocovenenans outgrows the mold. Isoln: van Veen, Mertens, Rec. Trav. Chim. 53, 257 (1934); 54, 373 (1935); Nugteren, Berends, ibid. 76, 13 (1957). Purification and properties: Lijmbach et al., Tetrahedron 26, 5993 (1970). Structural studies: eidem, ibid. 27, 1839 (1971). Revised structure: De Bruijn et al., ibid. 29, 1541 (1973). Absolute configuration: Zylber et al., Experientia 29, 387, 648 (1973). Influence on carbohydrate metabolism: van Veen, Mertens, Arch. Neerl. Physiol. 21, 73 (1936), C.A. 30, 38809 (1936); inhibition of adenine nucleotide translocation: Henderson, Lardy, J. Biol. Chem. 245, 1319 (1970); Klingenberg et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 39, 363 (1970).

Eburnamonine CAS Registry Number: 474-00-0 象牙酮宁

CAS Name: Eburnamenin-14(15H)-one
Additional Names: (+)-cis-eburnamonine
Percent Composition: C 77.52%, H 7.53%, N 9.52%, O 5.43%
Literature References: One of the Vinca alkaloids, naturally occurring as the (+)- and (±)-forms. Isoln of the (+)-form from Hunteria eburnea Pinchon, Apocynaceae: M. F. Bartlett et al., Compt. Rend. 249, 1259 (1959); of the (±)-form from Vinca minor L., Apocynaceae: J. Mokry et al., Experientia 17, 354 (1961). The (-)-form is obtained by acid hydrolysis of vincamine, q.v.: J. Trajanek et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1961, 702; O. Clauder et al., ibid. 1962, 1147; eidem, HU 151295 (1964 to Gedeon Richter), C.A. 60, 14558e (1964). Structure and synthesis of the (±)-form: M. F. Bartlett, W. I. Taylor, Tetrahedron Lett. 20, 20 (1959); eidem, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 82, 5941 (1960); E. Wenkert, B. Wickberg, ibid. 87, 1580 (1965). Short synthesis of the (±)-form: E. Wenkert et al., ibid. 100, 4893 (1978); high yield total synthesis: J. L. Hermann et al., ibid. 101, 1540 (1979); T. Imanishi et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull. 30, 1521 (1982). Synthesis of the (-)-form: D. Cartier et al., Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1976, 1961. Structural and biogenetic relationship to vincamine: J. Mokry et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1962, 433. Pharmacology of the (-)-form: P. Lacroix et al., Arzneim.-Forsch. 29, 1094 (1979). Series of articles on the pharmacodynamics, metabolism, and therapeutic use of the (-)-form: Eur. Neurol. 17, Suppl. 1, 1-172 (1978). Reviews: W. I. Taylor in The Alkaloids vol. 8, R. H. F. Manske, Ed. (Academic Press, NewYork, 1965) pp 253-259; idem, ibid. vol. 11, pp 108-110 (1968).

Pyridoxine Hydrochloride CAS Registry Number: 58-56-0 吡哆醇盐酸盐

CAS Name: 5-Hydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-pyridinedimethanol hydrochloride
Additional Names: pyridoxol hydrochloride; vitamin B6 hydrochloride; pyridoxinium chloride; adermine hydrochloride; 2-methyl-3-...
Literature References: One of the vitamins of the B6 complex; see also Codecarboxylase; Pyridoxal; Pyridoxamine Dihydrochloride. Present in many foodstuffs; esp good sources are yeast, liver and cereals. Isoln: Keresztesy, Stevens, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 38, 64 (1938); György, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60, 983 (1938); Kuhn, Wendt, Ber. 71, 780, 1118 (1938). Structure: E. T. Stiller et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 61, 1237 (1939); R. Kuhn et al., Ber. 72, 305 sqq. (1939). uv absorption spectrum: E. A. Peterson, H. A. Sober, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76, 169 (1954). Synthesis: Harris, Folkers, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 61, 1242, 1245, 3307 (1939); P. G. Stevens, US 2680743 and US 2734063 (1954, 1956 both to Gen. Aniline); P. I. Pollak, US 2904551, US 3024244, US 3024245 (1959, 1962, 1962 all to Merck Co.); E. E. Harris et al., J. Org. Chem. 27, 2705 (1962); W. Böll, H. König, Ann. 1979, 1657; T. Shono et al., Chem. Lett. 1981, 1121. Biosynthesis: Hiel, Spenser, Science 169, 773 (1970). Review: The Vitamins vol. 2, W. H. Sebrell, R. S. Harris, Eds. (Academic, New York, 2nd ed., 1968) pp 1-117.

Bicine CAS Registry Number: 150-25-4 N,N-二羟乙基甘氨酸

CAS Name: N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine
Additional Names: di(hydroxyethyl)glycine; N,N-bis(hydroxyethyl)aminoacetic acid; N,N-di(hydroxyethyl)aminoacetic acid; diethylolglycine; 2-HxG
Perce...
Literature References: One of the zwitterionic amino acids known as "Good" buffers, active in the pH range 6-8.5. Prepn by hydrolysis of its lactone (obtained from glycine and ethylene oxide): Pascal, Compt. Rend. 245, 1318 (1957); from diethanolamine and bromoacetic acid: N. E. Good et al., Biochemistry 5, 467 (1966). Crystal structure: V. Cody et al., Acta Crystallogr. 33B, 905 (1977). Use as sequestering agent: A. Grawitz, Rev. Tech. Ind. Cuir 65, 187, 190 (1973), C.A. 80, 49281h (1974). Temperature effects on pKa: M. L. Soni, R. C. Kapoor, Int. J. Quantum Chem. 20, 385 (1981). Use as a buffer: A. L. Remisov, Biokhimiya 25, 323 (1960); S. Ito et al., Histochem. J. 16, 489 (1984).

Tricine CAS Registry Number: 5704-04-1 三(羟甲基)甲基甘氨酸

CAS Name: N-[2-Hydroxy-1,1-bis(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]glycine
Additional Names: N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]glycine
Percent Composition: C 40.22%, H 7.31%, N 7.82%, O 44.65%
Literature References: One of the zwitterionic amino acids known as "Good" buffers; active in the pH range 6-8.5. Prepn: N. E. Good, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 96, 653 (1962); and characterization: N. E. Good et al., Biochemistry 5, 467 (1966). Temperature effects on pK: R. N. Roy et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 95, 8231 (1973); M. L. Soni, R. C. Kapoor, Int. J. Quantum Chem. 20, 385 (1981); and on pH: R. N. Roy et al., Cryobiology 22, 589 (1985). Scavenger of hydroxyl radicals: M. Hicks, J. M. Gebicki, FEBS Lett. 199, 92 (1986); B. Halliwell et al., Anal. Biochem. 165, 215 (1987). Use as buffer: R. S. Gardner, J. Cell Biol. 42, 320 (1969); R. S. Spendlove et al., Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 137, 258 (1971); H. Schaegger, G. Von Jagow, Anal. Biochem. 166, 368 (1987).