
CAS Name: (7R)-4-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-10-oxo-7-[(1-oxohexadecyl)oxy]-3,5,9-trioxa-4-phosphapentacosan-1-aminium inner salt 4-oxide
Additional Names: L-a-dipalmitoyl lecithin; dipalmitoyl-L-a...
Literature References: Major phospholipid constituent and primary surface tension lowering component of natural lung surfactant. Isoln from lung extracts: S. J. Thannhauser et al., J. Biol. Chem. 166, 669 (1946); E. S. Brown, Am. J. Physiol. 207, 402 (1964). Enantioselective synthesis: E. Baer, M. Kates, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 72, 942 (1950). Clinical study in combination therapy for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS): C. J. Morley et al., Lancet 1, 64 (1981). Diagnostic use as predictor of fetal lung maturity: A. Lohninger et al., Clin. Chem. 29, 650 (1983). HPTLC determn in amniotic fluid: J. G. Alvarez et al., J. Chromatogr. B 665, 79 (1995). Review of early literature: D. F. Tierney, Am. J. Physiol. 257, L1-L12 (1989); of role in pulmonary function and clinical use: L. M. G. van Golde et al., Physiol. Rev. 68, 374-455 (1988); of structure and function as surface active agent: B. A. Hills, Br. J. Anaesth. 65, 13-29 (1990); of biosynthesis: H. P. Haagsman, L. M. G. van Golde, Annu. Rev. Physiol. 53, 441-464 (1991).
CAS Name: (3b)-3-Hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one
Additional Names: prasterone; dehydroisoandrosterone; trans-dehydroandrosterone; D5-androsten-3b-ol-17-one; DHEA
Percent Composition: C 79.12%, H ...
Literature References: Major secretory steroidal product of the adrenal gland; secretion progressively declines with aging. May have estrogen- or androgen-like effects depending on the hormonal milieu. Intracellularly converted to androstenedione, q.v. Isoln from male urine: Butenandt, Tscherning, Z. Physiol. Chem. 229, 167 (1934); Butenandt, Dannenbaum, ibid. 192. Prepn from cholesterol: Butenandt et al., ibid. 237, 57 (1935); Ruzicka, Wettstein, Helv. Chim. Acta 18, 986 (1935); Wallis, Fernholz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 57, 1379, 1504 (1935); Schoeller et al., Naturwissenschaften 23, 337 (1935); from sitosterol: Oppenauer, Nature 135, 1039 (1935). High yield prepn: H. Hosoda et al., J. Org. Chem. 38, 4209 (1973). Metabolism study: P. Knapstein et al. Acta Endocrinol. 58, 261 (1968). Toxicity study of the sulfate: M. Yahara et al., J. Toxicol. Sci. 2, 161 (1977). Clinical evaluation in hormone replacement therapy: A. J. Morales et al., J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 78, 1360 (1994); in systemic lupus erythematosus: R. F. van Vollenhoven et al., Arthritis Rheum. 38, 1826 (1995). Review of physiological importance: P. Ebeling, V. A. Koivisto, Lancet 343, 1479-1481 (1994). Symposium on role in aging: Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 774, 1-350 (1995). Review of therapeutic potential: B. Allolio, W. Arlt, Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 13, 288-294 (2002).
CAS Name: D:A-Friedooleanan-3-one
Additional Names: friedelan-3-one
Percent Composition: C 84.44%, H 11.81%, O 3.75%
Literature References: Major triterpene constituent of cork, obtained by extraction of ground cork with alc. Isoln: Istrati, Ostrogovich, Compt. Rend. 128, 1581 (1899). Isolated also from Ceratopetalum apetalum D. Don, Cunoniaceae: Jefferies, J. Chem. Soc. 1954, 473. Structure, sterochemistry: Brownlie et al., Chem. Ind. (London) 1955, 1156; Kane, Stevenson, Tetrahedron 15, 223 (1961); Stevenson, J. Org. Chem. 28, 188 (1963). Total synthesis of (±)-form: R. E. Ireland, D. M. Walba, Tetrahedron Lett. 1976, 1071.
CAS Name: [4S-(4a,4aa,8ab)]-Octahydro-4,8a-dimethyl-4a(2H)-naphthalenol
Additional Names: octahydro-4a,8ab-dimethyl-4aa(2H)-naphthol; 1,10-trans-dimethyl-trans-(9)-decalol
Percent Compositio...
Literature References: Major volatile component of beet essence, also determined to be the potent earthy odor contaminant of fish, beans, water: A. C. Thaysen, Ann. Appl. Biol. 23, 99 (1936); J. Silvey, A. W. Roach, J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 56, 60 (1964); A. A. Rosen et al., Water Treat. Exam. 19 (Pt. 2), 106 (1970); R. G. Buttery et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. 24, 419, 1246 (1976). Isoln from Actinomyetes, algae: N. N. Gerber, H. A. Lechevalier, Appl. Microbiol. 13, 935 (1965); A. A. Rosen et al., ibid. 16, 178 (1968); R. S. Safferman et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1, 429 (1967). Isoln from beets: K. E. Murray, P. A. Bannister, Chem. Ind. (London) 1975, 973; L. D. Tyler et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. 26, 1466 (1978). Structure: N. N. Gerber, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 9, 321 (1967); eidem, Tetrahedron Lett. 1968, 2971. Biological degradation: L. V. Narayan, W. J. Nunez, J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 66 (Pt. 1), 532 (1974).
CAS Name: (SP-5-13)-Chloro[[rel-2,2'-[(1R,2R)-1,2-cyclohexanediylbis[(nitrilo-kN)methylidyne]]bis[4,6-bis(1,1'-dimethylethyl)phenolato-kO]](2-)]manganese
Percent Composition: C 68.07%, H 8.25%,...
Literature References: Manganese-salen Schiff base complex used as a catalyst in asymmetric syntheses. Prepn: E. N. Jacobsen et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 7063 (1991); large-scale: J. F. Larrow et al., J. Org. Chem. 59, 1939 (1994). Synthesis and enantioselectivity of dimer: K. B. M. Janssen et al., Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 8, 3481 (1997). HPLC determn of enantiomeric purity in commercial samples: J. Zukowski, Chirality 10, 362 (1998). Mechanism of asymmetric epoxidation of indenes: D. L. Hughes et al., J. Org. Chem. 62, 2222 (1997). Use in epoxidation of isoflavones: W. Adam et al., Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 9, 1121 (1998).
CAS Name: N-Methyl-N-methylenemethanaminium iodide
Additional Names: Eschenmoser's salt
Percent Composition: C 19.48%, H 4.36%, I 68.59%, N 7.57%
Literature References: Mannich type intermediate originally developed to introduce methyl groups into corrin chromophore. Prepn from trimethylamine and diiodomethane: J. Schreiber et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 10, 330 (1971); from N,N,N¢,N¢-tetramethylmethylenediamine: T. A. Bryson et al., J. Org. Chem. 45, 524 (1980). Used in prepn of Mannich bases: J. Hooz, J. N. Bridson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 95, 602 (1973). In functionalization of indoles: A. P. Kozikowski, H. Isida, Heterocycles 14, 55 (1980). In prepn of a-methylene carbonyls: J. L. Roberts et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1977, 1621; of terminal olefins: eidem, ibid. 1299.
CAS Name: 1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane
Additional Names: acetylene tetrabromide; Muthmann's liquid
Percent Composition: C 6.95%, H 0.58%, Br 92.47%
Literature References: Manuf by bromination of acetylene: GB 889649 (1962 to Associated Ethyl Co.). Toxicity studies: Gray, Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med. 2, 407 (1950); D. L. Wolff, Acta Biol. Med. Ger. 41, 945 (1982).
CAS Name: 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Additional Names: sym-tetrachloroethane; acetylene tetrachloride
Trademarks: Cellon; Bonoform
Percent Composition: C 14.31%, H 1.20%, Cl 84.49%
Literature References: Manuf by catalytic addition of chlorine to acetylene: Peters, Neumann, Angew. Chem. 45, 261 (1932); by chlorination of ethylene: Pye, US 2752402 (1956 to Dow); by catalytic chlorination of ethane: Joseph, US 2752401 (1956 to Dow); by chlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane: Conrad, US 2725412 (1955 to Ethyl Corp.); Fox, US 2846484 (1958 to Monsanto). Toxicity study: H. F. Smyth et al., Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 30, 470 (1969). Review of toxicology and human exposure: Toxicological Profile for 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane (PB97-121099, 1996) 186 pp.
CAS Name: 3-Hydroxybutanal
Additional Names: 3-hydroxybutyraldehyde; acetaldol
Percent Composition: C 54.53%, H 9.15%, O 36.32%
Literature References: Manuf by condensation of acetaldehyde in aq NaOH: Alhéritière, Gobron, US 2713598 (1955 to Usines de Melle). Toxicity study: H. F. Smyth et al., J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol. 31, 60 (1949).
CAS Name: 2-Aminophenol
Additional Names: 2-amino-1-hydroxybenzene; 2-hydroxyaniline
Percent Composition: C 66.04%, H 6.47%, N 12.83%, O 14.66%
Literature References: Manuf by reduction of o-nitrophenol: Freifelder, Robinson, US 3079435 (1963 to Abbott).
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