
CAS Name: N-(3-methyl-1-oxobutyl)-L-valyl-L-valyl-(3S,4S)-4-amino-3-hydroxy-6-methylheptanoyl-N-[(1S)-1-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-hydroxyethyl]-3-methylbutyl]-L-alaninamide
Additional Names: Pepstatin ...
Literature References: A pentapeptide pepsin inhibitor, isolated from cultured broths of Streptomyces testaceus Hamada et Okami and Streptomyces argenteolus var. toyonakensis: H. Umezawa et al., J. Antibiot. 23, 259 (1970). Prepn: H. Umezawa et al., DE 2028403 (1971 to Microbiochemical Res. Found.), C.A. 74, 75201c (1971). Structure: H. Morishima et al., J. Antibiot. 23, 263 (1970). Synthesis: H. Morishima et al., ibid. 25, 551 (1972). Biological properties: T. Aoyagi et al., ibid. 24, 687 (1971). N-n-Caproyl and N-iso-caproyl derivatives, pepstatin B and pepstatin C, also isolated from pepstatin-producing Streptomyces, as minor components of crude preparations: T. Miyano et al., ibid. 25, 489 (1972). Mechanism of pepsin inhibition: S. Kunimoto et al., ibid. 251; 27, 413 (1974); J. Marciniszyn et al., Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 95, 199 (1977); D. H. Rich, E. T. O. Sun, Biochem. Pharmacol. 29, 2205 (1980); of other acid protease inhibition: D. H. Rich et al., Biochemistry 24, 3165 (1985). Tissue distribution in rats: D. A. W. Grant et al., Biochem. Pharmacol. 31, 2302 (1982). Effect on gastric ulcers in man: O. Bonnevie et al., Gut 20, 624 (1979); L. B. Svendsen et al., Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 14, 929 (1979).
CAS Name: Ribitol
Additional Names: adonite
Percent Composition: C 39.47%, H 7.95%, O 52.58%
Literature References: A pentitol from Adonis vernalis L., Ranunculaceae; also from A. amurensis L., Ranunculaceae: Santavy, Reichstein, Pharm. Acta Helv. 23, 153 (1948).
CAS Name: 1-[2-(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid
Percent Composition: C 62.94%, H 6.27%, N 4.59%, O 26.20%
Literature References: A peyote alkaloid, isolated from Lophophora williamsii (Lem.) Coult. Isoln and synthesis: Kapadia, Shah, Lloydia 30, 287 (1967). Structure studies: Kapadia, Highet, J. Pharm. Sci. 57, 191 (1968).
CAS Name: D-arabino-Hept-2-enonic acid g-lactone
Additional Names: 3-keto-D-glucoheptonofuranolactone
Percent Composition: C 40.78%, H 4.89%, O 54.33%
Literature References: A physiologically inactive homolog of ascorbic acid. Prepn: Ault et al., J. Chem. Soc. 1933, 741; Baird et al., ibid. 1934, 62; Reichstein et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 17, 510 (1934); Stacey, Turton, J. Chem. Soc. 1946, 661; Stedehouder, Rec. Trav. Chim. 71, 831 (1952). Review on analogs of ascorbic acid: Smith, Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. 2, 79 (1946).
CAS Name: (1R,4R,5S,8S)-8-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,7-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-ene-6-carboxaldehyde
Additional Names: 8-(hydroxymethyl)-4-isopropyl-1,7-dimethylbicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-...
Literature References: A plant-growth regulator isolated from Helminthosporium sativum as (-)-form. Prepn: Tamura et al., Agric. Biol. Chem. 29, 216 (1965); Tamura, Sakurai, ibid. 28, 337 (1964); Tamura et al., ibid. 27, 738 (1963). Synthesis of (+)-form: E. Piers, H. P. Isenring, Can. J. Chem. 55, 1039 (1977).
CAS Name: Blood-coagulation factor IX
Additional Names: Christmas factor; PTC; plasma thromboplastin component; antihemophilic factor B; autoprothrombin II
Literature References: A plasma and serum glycoprotein that participates in the middle phases of blood coagulation. Activated by factor XI and Ca2+. Interacts then with factor VIII, Ca2+, and phospholipid to form the complex which converts factor X into factor Xa. Isoln and characterization of bovine factor IX: K. Fujikawa et al., Biochemistry 12, 4938 (1973); K. Fujikawa, E. W. Davie, Methods Enzymol. 45B, 74 (1976). Deficiency results in a congenital bleeding disorder known as Christmas disease or hemophilia B. Review: Macfarlane in Thrombolytic Activity and Related Phenomena, I. S. Wright et al., Eds. (Schattauer-Verlag, Stuttgart, 1961) pp 408-415; B. N. Bouma, J. A. Van Mourik, Haemostasis: Biochemistry, Physiology Pathology, D. Ogston, B. Bennett, Eds. (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1977) pp 56-77.
Additional Names: Factor I
Trademarks: Parenogen (Miles)
Literature References: A plasma glycoprotein belonging structurally to the keratin-myosin group. Synthesized and secreted by hepatic parenchymal cells. Present to the extent of 0.3-0.4 g/100 ml in human plasma. Essential to the clotting of blood. Its synthesis is greatly increased during acute inflammatory challenge. The fibrinogen molecule consists of three peptide chains, a (A), b (B), and g (C), crosslinked by several disulfide bonds. The mol wt of about 400,000 represents a dimeric form of the molecule. Thrombin releases fibrinopeptides A and B from the N-terminal ends of the a and b chains of fibrinogen in the formation of fibrin during coagulation. Because fibrinogen is less sol than other plasma proteins it is readily separated by precipitation with sodium chloride: Florkin, J. Biol. Chem. 87, 629 (1930); or with ammonium sulfate: Nanninga, Arch. Neerl. Physiol. 28, 241 (1946). Prepn from human plasma: Edsall et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 69, 2731 (1947). Purification: Cama et al., Naturwissenschaften 48, 574 (1961). End group determination: Lorand, Middlebrook, Science 118, 515 (1953). Structure studies: Schauenstein, Hochenegger, Z. Naturforsch. 8b, 473 (1953); Edsall, J. Polym. Sci. 12, 253 (1954). Reviews: Seegers, Physiol. Rev. 34, 711 (1954); Lorand, Fed. Proc. 24, no. 4, part 1, 784 (1965); several authors, Thromb. Diath. Haemorrh. Suppl. 39 (1970); A. L. Copley, Thromb. Res. 14, 249 (1979). Fibrinogen has been shown to be the receptor for the endogenous lectin (agglutinin) secreted by activated platelets: T. K. Gartner et al., Nature 289, 688 (1981). Review of biosynthesis: G. M. Fuller, D. G. Ritchie, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 389, 308-322 (1982).
CAS Name: 2,4,6-Trimethyl-1,3,5-trioxane
Additional Names: paracetaldehyde
Trademarks: Paral (Forest)
Percent Composition: C 54.53%, H 9.15%, O 36.32%
Literature References: A polymer of acetaldehyde. Prepd by the polymerization of acetaldehyde catalyzed by HCl and H2SO4 at medium to high temp: Kekulé, Zincke, Ann. 162, 125 (1872); Baer, Mahan, US 2864827 (1958 to Phillips). Toxicity data: Figot et al., Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. 8, 290 (1952).
Additional Names: Polyanetholesulfonic acid sodium salt; anetholesulfonic acid sodium salt polymer
Literature References: A polymer of anetholesulfonic acid. Originally developed as an anticoagulant, it was soon found that it possesses anticomplement action and lowers the bactericidal action of blood. Ref: Demole, Reinert, Arch. Exp. Pathol. Pharmakol. 158, 211 (1930); Friedmann, Klin. Wochenschr. 14, 215 (1935); Stuart, J. Clin. Pathol. 1, 311 (1948).
CAS Name: Ethenol homopolymer
Additional Names: PVA
Trademarks: Akwa Tears (Akorn); Elvanol (DuPont); Gelvatol (Monsanto); Liquifilm (Allergan); Mowiol (Hoechst); Polyviol (Wacker); Sno Tear...
Literature References: A polymer prepd from polyvinyl acetates by replacement of the acetate groups with hydroxyl groups. The alcoholysis proceeds most rapidly in a methanol + methyl acetate mixture in the presence of catalytic amounts of alkali or mineral acids: Hermann, Haehnel, Ber. 60, 1658 (1927). Monograph: C. E. Schildknecht, Vinyl and Related Polymers (Wiley, New York, 1952). The head-to-tail or 1,3-glycol structure is favored: Staudinger et al., Ber. 60, 1782 (1927); J. Prakt. Chem. 155, 261 (1940); Marvel, Denoon, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60, 1045 (1938); McDowell, Kenyon, ibid. 62, 415 (1940); Marvel, Inskeep, ibid. 65, 1710 (1943). Reviews: M. Leeds in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology vol. 21 (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 2nd ed., 1970) pp 353-368; Polyvinyl Alcohol, A. C. Finch, Ed. (Wiley, New York, 1973) 640 pp; A. S. Dunn, Chem. Ind. (London) 1980, 801-806. Vinyl alcohol monomer has not been isolated. Review: R. B. Seymour, G. B. Kauffman, J. Chem. Educ. 71, 582 (1994). Comprehensive description: D. Wong, J. Parasrampuria, Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip. 24, 397-441 (1996).
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