三氯乙烯置于sodium Chloride,锌体系中,化学反应生成 1,1-二氯乙烯 参考文献:Pathways Of Chlorinated Ethylene And Chlorinated Acetylene Reaction With Zn(0) 标题:Pathways Of Chlorinated Ethylene And Chlorinated Acetylene Reaction With Zn(0) 摘要:To Successfully Design Treatment Systems Relying On Reactions Of Chlorocarbons With Zero-Valent Metals,Information Is Needed Concerning The Kinetics And Pathways Through Which Transformations occur. In This Study,Pathways Of Chlorinated Ethylene Reaction With Zn(0) Have Been Elucidated Through Batch Experiments. Data For Parent Compound Disappearance And Product Appearance Were Fit To Pseudo-First-Order Rate Expressions In Order To Develop A Complete Kinetic Model. Results Indicate That Reductive Beta-Elimination Plays An Important Role,Accounting For 15% Of Tetrachloroethylene (Pce),30% Of Trichloroethylene (Tce),85% Of Cis-Dichloroethylene (Cis-Dce),And 95% Of Trans-Dichloroethylene (Trans-Dce) Reaction. The Fraction Of Pce,Tce,Trans-Dce,And Cis-Dce Transformation That occurs Via Reductive Elimination Increases As The Two-Electron Reduction Potential (E-2)For This Reaction Becomes More Favorable Relative To Hydrogenolysis. In The Case Of Pce A Nd Tce,Reductive Elimination Gives Rise To Chlorinated Acetylenes. Chloroacetylene And Dichloroacetylene Were Synthesized And Found To React Rapidly With Zinc,Displaying Products Consistent With Both Hydrogenolysis And Reduction Of The Triple Bond. Surface Area-Normalized Rate Constants (K(Sa)) For Chlorinated Ethylene Disappearance Correlate Well With Both One-Electron (E-1) And Two-Electron (E-2) Reduction Potentials For The Appropriate Reactions. Correlation With E-2 Allows Prediction Of The Distribution Of Reaction Products As Well As The Rate Of Disappearance Of The Parent Compound. DOI:10.1021/es980252O
专利号:US-9126995-B2 优先权日:2011-11-08 标题:Method for catalytic asymmetric synthesis of optically active isoxazoline compound and optically active isoxazoline compound 发明人:TOYAMA KEN-ICHI; MORIYAMA YUJI; MATOBA KAZUTAKA; YAOSAKA MANABU; IKEDA EITATSU 权利人:NISSAN CHEMICAL IND LTD 摘要:There is provided a method for catalytic asymmetric synthesis of optically active isoxazoline compound and an optically active isoxazoline compound. A method for catalytic asymmetric synthesis of optically active isoxazoline compound of a formula (6) including reacting an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound of a formula (1) and a hydroxylamine in a solvent in the presence of a base by adding a chiral phase transfer catalyst. An optically active isoxazoline compound of a formula (13) that can be synthesized by the method.
专利号:US-4219489-A 优先权日:1978-09-05 标题:Synthesis of steroids 发明人:BUNES LEONARD A; JOHNSON WILLIAM S 权利人:STANFORD LELAND JUNIOR UNIV TR 摘要:Method and compounds are provided for use in the synthesis of steroids wherein a polyolefin is provided having an initiating group having a chalcogen atom in juxtaposition to a double bond, so as to be capable of bond formation to close to form a ring and having a terminating group involving pi unsaturation (a double or triple bond) conjugated to an aromatic ring. Upon acid catalysis, sigma bonds are formed through the interaction of a carbocation formed at the carbon atom bonded to the chalcogen atom and the double bond intermediate the initiating group and the terminating group, which close to form rings of a steroid nucleus, the carbocation interacting with the pi unsaturation conjugated with the aromatic group and being captured by a nucleophile present in the acidic reaction medium. The resulting steroid product may then be modified in known ways to produce known steroids.
专利号:US-9394394-B2 优先权日:2013-09-30 标题:Synthesis of chlorotrifluoroethylene-based block copolymers by iodine transfer polymerization 发明人:THENAPPAN ALAGAPPAN; AMEDURI BRUNO; LOPEZ GERALD 权利人:HONEYWELL INT INC 摘要:Methods for the synthesis of CTFE-based block copolymers through iodine transfer polymerization are disclosed. In an exemplary embodiment, a method includes reacting a fluoromonomer “Mâ€? with a chain transfer agent of the formula X—Y or Y—X—Y, wherein X represents a C 1 -C 3 hydrocarbon, a C 1 -C 6 hydrofluorocarbon, C 1 -C 6 hydrochlorofluorocarbon, or C 1 -C 6 fluorocarbon and Y represents iodine or bromine, in the presence of a radical initiator, to form a macro-initiator of the formula: X-poly(M)-Y or Y-poly(M)-X-poly(M)-Y, wherein poly(M) represents a polymer of the fluoromonomer. The method further includes reacting the macro-initiator with chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) in the presence of a radical initiator to form a diblock or a triblock CTFE-based block copolymer of the formula: X-poly(M)-block-poly(CTFE) or PCTFE-block-poly(M)-X-poly(M)-block-PCTFE.
专利号:US-4910330-A 优先权日:1987-09-25 标题 :Synthesis of sulfonic acids and carboxylic acid ester derivatives thereof 发明人:MCGEE DENNIS E; HALLEN TED S 权利人:UNION OIL CO 摘要:Hydroxy sulfonic acids in general and isethionic acid (2-hydroxy ethyl sulfonic acid) in particular can be prepared at 99+% purity and good yields by the selective oxidation of a precursor hydroxy mercaptan with hydrogen peroxide. The resulting product is pure enough to be used directly in the synthesis of sulfo-acrylic esters which are finding considerable use as stabilizers in producing vinylidene chloride copolymers used for FDA approved packaging films.
专利号:US-4987250-A 优先权日:1987-09-25 标 题:Synthesis of hydroxy sulfonic acids 发明人:MCGEE DENNIS E; HALLEN TED S 权利人:UNION OIL CO 摘要:Hydroxy sulfonic acids in general and isethionic acid (2-hydroxy ethyl sulfonic acid) in particular can be prepared at 99+% purity and good yields by the selective oxidation of a precursor hydroxy mercaptan with hydrogen peroxide. The resulting product is pure enough to be used directly in the synthesis of sulfo-acrylic esters which are finding considerable use as stabilizers in producing vinylidene chloride copolymers used for FDA approved packaging films.
专利号:US-5336739-A 优先权日:1992-04-06 标题:Alkyl tetrahydrofurfuryl ethers as anionic polymerization modifier in the synthesis of rubbery polymer 发明人:HSU WEN-LIANG; HALASA ADEL F; MATRANA BARRY A 权利人:GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER 摘要:It has been unexpectedly discovered that various compounds, such as alkyl tetrahydrofurfuryl ethers, can be used to modify anionic polymerizations of conjugated diene monomers. These modifiers can be used to polymerize isoprene monomer into high 3,4-polyisoprene at excellent polymerization rates. This is in contrast to the modifiers such as tetramethylethylene diamine which are typically used to modify such polymerizations. This invention more specifically discloses a process for the synthesis of 3,4-polyisoprene which comprises polymerizing isoprene monomer in an organic solvent in the presence of a catalyst system which is comprised of (a) a lithium initiator and (b) a modifier which is an alkyltetrahydrofurfuryl ether selected from the group consisting of ethyltetrahydrofurfuryl ether, propyltetrahydrofurfuryl ether, and butyltetrahydrofurfuryl ether. In the practice of this invention, the utilization of ethyltetrahydrofurfuryl ether is highly preferred since its use results in faster polymerization rates and higher vinyl contents in the resultant polymer.
参考标题:Synthesis Of Poly-Functionalized Pyrazoles Under Vilsmeier-Haack Reaction Conditions 作者:Aleksandr V. Popov,Valentina A. Kobelevskaya,Ludmila I. Larina,Igor B. Rozentsveig 摘要:Synthesis Of 1,3-Disubstituted 5-Chloro-1H-Pyrazole-4-Carbaldehydes Was Achieved By Formylation Of The Corresponding 5-Chloro-1H-Pyrazoles Under Vilsmeier-Haack Conditions.
合成参考文献
摘要:Vaultier, M.; Pucheault, M., Science of Synthesis Knowledge Updates, (2012) 4, 336. 摘要:Kwiecień, H., Science of Synthesis Knowledge Updates, (2014) 4, 114. 摘要:Mourad, A. K.; Czekelius, C., Science of Synthesis Knowledge Updates, (2011) 3, 61. 摘要:Haufe, G., Science of Synthesis Knowledge Updates, (2019) 3, 251. 摘要:Haufe, G., Science of Synthesis Knowledge Updates, (2019) 3, 182.