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Globally Harmonized System

危险代码说明

The Globally Harmonized System was initiated at the UN Conference on the Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. It aims, amongst other goals, to harmonize the classification and the hazard communication elements of chemicals (labeling and safety data sheets). The first version became available in 2003 in the form of the so called purple book (compared to the orange book for transportation). Regular updates should take place every 2 years. GHS harmonizes most classification criteria for supply and transportation and is based on the intrinsic properties of substances. GHS allows individual countries or regions to implement building blocks at their own discretion. The building blocks, however, may not be altered. Additionally there is room for Competent Authority Options and special limits for the communication of components in mixtures.

Reasons for the Development of GHS
➥Growing international trade
➥Different requirements for labeling of chemicals
➥Different classifications of identical products in different countries
➥Requirement for an international safety standard

GHS Elements

Compared to the current EU system the most noticeable change are the pictograms (formerly: hazard symbols). While the most of the GHS pictograms have an equivalent in the old system, the pictograms GHS 04, GHS 07 and GHS 08 are completely new.

The GHS System is built on 16 physical, 10 health and 3 environmental hazard classes and comprises the following communication elements:

2 Signal words "Danger" or "Warning"

DescriptionPictogramHazard Class and Hazard Category

Exploding BombUnstable explosives · Explosives Div 1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4 · Self reactive substances Types A,B · Organic peroxides Types A,B

FlameFlammable gases cat.1 · Flammable aerosols cat.1,2 · Flammable liquids cat.1,2,3 · Flammable solids cat.1,2 · Self-reactive substances Types B-F · Pyrophoric liquids/solids cat.1 · Self-heating substances cat.1,2 · Substances emitting flammable gases with water cat.1,2,3 · Organic peroxides Types B-F · Pyrophoric gas (US only)

Flame Over CircleOxidizing gases cat.1 · Oxidizing liquids cat.1,2,3

Gas CylinderGases under pressure: Compressed gases · Liquefied gases · Refrigerated liquefied gases · Dissolved gases

CorrosionCorrosive to metals cat.1 · Skin corrosion cat.1A,1B,1C · Serious eye damage cat.1

Skull and CrossbonesAcute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation) cat.1,2,3

Exclamation MarkAcute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation) cat.4 · Skin irritation cat.2 · Eye irritation cat.2 · Skin sensitisation cat.1 · STOT single exposure cat.3

Health HazardRespiratory sensitization cat.1 · Germ cell mutagenicity cat.1A,1B,2 · Carcinogenicity cat.1A,1B,2 · Reproductive toxicity cat.1A,1B,2 · STOT single exposure cat.1,2 · STOT repeated exposure cat.1,2 · Aspiration Hazard cat.1

EnvironmentHazardous to the aquatic environment: Acute hazard cat.1 · Chronic hazard cat.1,2

Other Regional Elements—USA: Simple Asphyxiant · Combustible Dust · Pyrophoric Gases

72 individual and 17 combined Hazard statements - these are assigned a unique alphanumerical code which consists of one letter and three numbers as follows:

1. the letter "H" (for "hazard statement");
2. a number designating the type of hazard as follows:
   • "2" for physical hazards
   • "3" for health hazards
   • "4" for environmental hazards
3. two numbers corresponding to the sequential numbering of hazards arising from the intrinsic properties of the substance or mixture, such as explosive properties (codes from 200 to 210), flammability (codes from 220 to 230), etc.

116 individual and 33 combined Precautionary statements – these are assigned a unique alphanumerical code which consists of one letter and three numbers as follows:

1. the letter "P" (for "precautionary statement");
2. one number designating the type of precautionary statement as follows:
   • "1" for general precautionary statements
   • "2" for prevention precautionary statements
   • "3" for response precautionary statements
   • "4" for storage precautionary statements
   • "5" for disposal precautionary statements
3. two numbers (corresponding to the sequential numbering of precautionary statements)