
CAS Name: Sulfamic acid monoammonium salt
Additional Names: AMS
Trademarks: Ammate (DuPont)
Percent Composition: H 5.30%, N 24.55%, O 42.06%, S 28.10%
Literature References: Weed-killing prepn: Cupery, Tanberg, US 2277744 (1941 to du Pont). Prepn from ammonia and sulfamic acid: Sisler, Audrieth, Inorg. Synth. 2, 180 (1946). Toxicity study: Ambrose, J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol. 25, 26 (1943).
CAS Name: C.I. Ingrain Blue 1
Additional Names: C.I. 74240; alcian blue 8GX; michrome no. 24
Literature References: When R = toluyl, the mol wt is about 1300. Discovered by Haddock and Wood in 1944: Haddock, Research 1, 685 (1948); GB 586340 and GB 587636 (both to ICI). During dyeing the X groups split off. Prepn: Colour Index vol. 4 (3rd ed.) p 4620.
CAS Name: 5,6:5',6'-Diepoxy-5,5',6,6'-tetrahydro-b,b-carotene-3,3'-diol
Additional Names: zeaxanthin diepoxide
Percent Composition: C 79.96%, H 9.39%, O 10.65%
Literature References: Widely distributed carotenoid pigment. Formed in plants from zeaxanthin. Isoln from yellow pansies (Viola tricolor): Kuhn, Winterstein, Ber. 64, 326 (1931). Structure: Karrer et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 14, 1044 (1931); 16, 977 (1933); 19, 1024 (1936); 27, 1684 (1944). Partial synthesis: Karrer, Jucker, ibid. 28, 300 (1945). Abs config: Bartlett et al., J. Chem. Soc. C 1969, 2527. Isoln from Viola tricolor and configuration of the 15-cis-isomer: P. Molnar, J. Szabolcs, Phytochemistry 19, 623 (1980).
CAS Name: 4-Aminobenzoic acid
Additional Names: vitamin Bx; bacterial vitamin H1; chromotrichia factor; anti-chromotrichia factor; trichochromogenic factor; anticanitic vitamin; PABA
Tradema...
Literature References: Widely distributed in nature as a B complex factor. Baker's yeast contains 5 to 6 ppm, brewer's yeast from 10 to 100 ppm. Occurs free and in ester form. Prepn: Toland, Heaton, US 2878281 (1959 to Calif. Research Corp.); Spiegler, US 2947781 (1960 to Du Pont); Nielson et al., J. Chem. Soc. 1962, 371. Purification: Lyding, US 2735865 (1956 to Heyden Chem.). Antirickettsial activity: M. L. Robbins et al., J. Immunol. 64, 431 (1950). Toxicity studies: C. C. Scott, E. B. Robbins, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 49, 184 (1942); R. K. Richards, Fed. Proc. 1, 71 (1942); G. Cronheim, ibid. 10, 289 (1952). Comprehensive description: H. A. El-Obeid, A. A. Al-Badr, Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip. 22, 33-106 (1993).
CAS Name: 1-Hydroxy-2-propanone
Additional Names: hydroxyacetone; acetone alcohol; acetylcarbinol; acetylmethanol; 2-oxopropanol
Percent Composition: C 48.64%, H 8.16%, O 43.19%
Literature References: Widely distributed in nature. Produced in animals as an intermediate in the intrahepatic metabolism of acetone. Also formed by the action of aldose reductase on methylglyoxal, q.v. and accumulates in uncontrolled diabetes. Prepn: W. H. Perkin, Jr., J. Chem. Soc. 59, 786 (1891); T. Matsumoto et al., J. Org. Chem. 50, 603 (1985). Isoln from coffee extract: M. Stoll et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 50, 628 (1967). HPLC determn in serum: J. P. Casazza, J. L. Fu, Anal. Biochem. 148, 344 (1985). Metabolism and potential role in diabetic complications: D. L. Vander Jagt et al., J. Biol. Chem. 267, 4364 (1992). Use in peptide synthesis: B. Kundu, Tetrahedron Lett. 33, 3193 (1992).
Additional Names: 4-Formylphenol
Percent Composition: C 68.85%, H 4.95%, O 26.20%
Literature References: Widely distributed in plants in very small amounts. Obtained as a byproduct from the Reimer-Tiemann reaction for salicylaldehyde from phenol: L. F. Fieser, M. Fieser, Organic Chemistry (Reinhold, New York, 3rd ed., 1956) p 681; cf. Reimer, Tiemann, Ber. 9, 824 (1876); Herzfeld, Tiemann, Ber. 10, 64 (1877).
Additional Names: L-Arabinose; pectin sugar
Percent Composition: C 40.00%, H 6.71%, O 53.29%
Literature References: Widely distributed in plants, usually in the form of complex polysaccharides. Also in mycobacteria. Isoln from mesquite gum: Anderson, Sands, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 48, 3172 (1926); Org. Synth. coll. vol. I, 16 (2nd ed., 1941); White, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 69, 715 (1947); from western red cedar (Thuja plicata Don., Cupressaceae): Anderson, Erdtman, ibid. 71, 2927 (1949); from sapote gum: White, ibid. 75, 257 (1953); from heartwood of port orford cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Murr.) Parl, Cupressaceae): Kritchevsky, Anderson, ibid. 77, 3391 (1955). Structure: Wolfrom, Christman, ibid. 58, 39 (1936). Synthesis: Hough, Jones, J. Chem. Soc. 1951, 1122.
CAS Name: 4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
Additional Names: syringic aldehyde; 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzene carbonal; gallaldehyde 3,5-dimethyl ether
Percent Composition: C 59.34%, H 5...
Literature References: Widely distributed in plants. Hydrolysis product of the naturally occurring glycosyringic aldehyde: Körner, Gazz. Chim. Ital. 18, 215 (1888). Prepn from heat-treated beechwood and lignin: Kratzl, Silbernagel, C.A. 50, 6040 (1956). Synthesis from pyrogallol 1,3-dimethyl ether: Pearl, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 70, 1746 (1948), cf. Graebe, Martz, Ber. 36, 1032 (1903); Allen, Leubner, Org. Synth. 31, 92 (1951); coll. vol. IV, 866 (1963).
Percent Composition: C 37.12%, H 5.19%, O 57.69%
Literature References: Widely distributed in the plant and animal kingdoms. Usually occurs in "paired" form, i.e. as a glycosidic combination with phenols, alcohols, etc. Such glucuronides form in the liver to detoxify poisonous hydroxyl-containing substances. The glucuronides present in normal urine are those of phenol, cresol, and indoxyl. After the ingestion of poisons such as morphine, chloral hydrate, camphor, or turpentine, glucuronides formed with the poison or its hydroxylated derivatives appear in the urine. Review and bibliography: Stacey, Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. 2, 161 (1946); Jones, Smith, ibid. 4, 243 (1949). Structure: Pryde, Williams, Nature 128, 187 (1931); Levene, Meyer, J. Biol. Chem. 92, 257 (1931); Levene, Kreider, ibid. 120, 597 (1937). Review of syntheses: Mehltretter, Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. 8, 231 (1953). Prepn by irradiation of D-glucose in dil aq soln: Phillips et al., J. Chem. Soc. 1958, 3522; by g-irradiation of aq sucrose soln: Phillips, Moody, ibid. 1960, 762. Electrophoretic sepn of D-glucuronic acid and its C-5 epimer, L-iduronic acid: I. Miyamoto, S. Nagase, Anal. Biochem. 115, 308 (1981). Monographs: N. E. Artz, E. M. Osman, Biochemistry of Glucuronic Acid (Academic Press, New York, 1950); G. J. Dutton, Ed., Glucuronic Acid, Free and Combined (Academic Press, New York, 1966) 629 pp.
CAS Name: Retinoic acid rel-(2R)-3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-2H-1-benzopyran-6-yl ester
Additional Names: (±)-(2R*)-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4R*,8R*...
Literature References: Wound healing agent that stimulates proliferation of normal skin fibroblasts. Prepn: H. Fukawa, K. Tanaka, JP Kokai 73 00469; eidem, US 3878202 (1973, 1975 both to Nisshin Flour Milling Co.). Pharmacology: K. Sakyo et al., Oyo Yakuri 43, 111 (1992), C.A. 116, 228223z (1992). Pharmacokinetics: T. Nakazawa et al., ibid. 205, C.A. 117, 19823 (1993). Mechanism of action study: N. Kawamura et al., Dig. Dis. Sci. 39, 2191 (1994). Clinical evaluation in skin ulcers: T. Doi, Skin Res. 36, 384 (1994); K. Nakagawa et al., ibid. 209. Acute toxicity study: Y. Harada et al., Oyo Yakuri 43, 227 (1992), C.A. 117, 20721 (1992).
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