
CAS Name: (1a,3b,5Z,7E)-9,10-Secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene-1,3,25-triol
Additional Names: 1a,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol; 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; 1,25-DHCCTrademarks: Calcijex (Abbott); Roc...
Literature References: The biologically active form of vitamin D3, q.v., in intestinal calcium transport and bone calcium resorption. First obtained from chick intestine and designated as metabolite 4B: J. F. Myrtle et al., J. Biol. Chem. 245, 1190 (1970); M. R. Haussler et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68, 177 (1971). Isoln and identification: M. F. Holick et al., ibid. 803; D. E. M. Lawson et al., Nature 230, 228 (1971); A. W. Norman et al., Science 173, 51 (1971). Synthesis: D. H. R. Barton et al., J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1974, 203; T. Sato et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull. 26, 2933 (1978). Effect of calcium on in vivo synthesis: I. T. Boyle et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68, 2131 (1971). Stimulation of bone resorption in tissue culture: L. G. Raisz et al., Science 175, 768 (1972). Classification as a steroid hormone: J. S. Emtage et al., Nature 246, 100 (1973). Pharmacokinetics: J. R. Muindi et al., Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 72, 648 (2002). Clinical evaluation in prostate cancer: C. Gross et al., J. Urol. 159, 2035 (1998); in secondary hyperparathyroidism: S. Koshikawa et al., Nephron 90, 413 (2002). Comprehensive description: T. Suda, Vitamins 45, 175-188 (1972); E. Debesis, Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. 8, 83-100 (1979). Review of clinical efficacy in osteoporosis: K. L. Dechant, K. L. Goa, Drugs Aging 5, 300-317 (1994); of mechanism of action in renal failure: C. H. Hsu et al., Kidney Int. 46, 605-612 (1994); of clinical experience in treatment of psoriasis: L. Kowalzick, Br. J. Dermatol. 144, Suppl. 58, 21-25 (2001).
CAS Name: Sulfobutanedioic acid 1,4-bis(1-methylpentyl) ester sodium salt
Additional Names: dihexyl sodium sulfosuccinate
Trademarks: Aerosol MA; Alphasol MA
Percent Composition: C 49.47%...
Literature References: The bis(1-methylamyl) ester of sulfosuccinic acid monosodium salt, perhaps in admixture with the dihexyl ester. Prepd by the action of the appropriate alcohols on maleic anhydride followed by addition of sodium bisulfite: A. O. Jaeger, US 2028091; US 2176423 (1936, 1939 both to Am. Cyanamid); FR 776495 (1935 to Selden Co.).
CAS Name: (6a,11b,16a)-6-Fluoro-11-hydroxy-16-methyl-3,20-dioxopregna-1,4-dien-21-oic acid butyl ester
Additional Names: butyl 6a-fluoro-11b-hydroxy-16a-methyl-3,20-dioxopregna-1,4-dien-21-oate...
Literature References: The butyl ester deriv of fluocortolone-21-acid, a metabolite of fluocortolone, q.v., in humans. Prepn: H. Laurent et al., DE 2150268, DE 2150270; eidem, US 3824260 (1973, 1973, 1974, all to Schering AG); H. Laurent et al., Angew. Chem. 87, 70 (1975). Description of this new corticoid structure type, the pregnan-21-oic esters, their activity and methods for synthesis: H. Laurent et al., J. Steroid Biochem. 6, 185 (1975). Toxicity data: P. Günzel et al., Arzneim.-Forsch. 27, 2217 (1977). Series of articles on synthesis, pharmacology and clinical trials: ibid. 2185-2246.
CAS Name: 1,3,3-Trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Additional Names: 1,8-epoxy-p-menthane; cineole; cajeputol
Percent Composition: C 77.87%, H 11.76%, O 10.37%
Literature References: The chief constituent of oil of eucalyptus: Cloez, Ann. 154, 372 (1870); Berry, Australas. J. Pharm. 1929, 203; from wormwood oil: Wallach, Brass, Ann. 225, 291 (1884). Identity with cajeputol: Wallach, ibid. 314. Identity with cineole: Jahns, Ber. 17, 2941 (1884). Structure: Wallach, Ann. 291, 342 (1896). Biosynthesis: Birch et al., Tetrahedron Letters, no. 3, 1 (1959). Activity: Jori et al., Eur. J. Pharmacol. 9, 362 (1970). Cockroach repellent activity: T. H. Maugh, Science 218, 278 (1982).
CAS Name: Co-(5'-deoxyadenosine-5') deriv of 3'-ester of cobinamide dihydrogen phosphate (ester) with 5,6-dimethyl-1-a-D-ribofuranosyl-1H-benzimidazole, inner salt
Additional Names: cobamamidum...
Literature References: The coenzyme is the metabolically active form of vitamin B12: Barker et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 44, 1093 (1958); Weissbach, Taylor, Vitam. Horm. 26, 395 (1968). Isoln from a culture of Propionibacterium shermanii: Barker et al., J. Biol. Chem. 235, 181, 480 (1960); Biochem. Prep. 10, 27 (1964). Prepn of aquocobalamin and 2¢,3¢-O-isopropylidene-5¢-O-p-tolylsulfonyladenosine: Hogenkamp, Pailes, ibid. 12, 124 (1968); from treatment of a cobalamin-thiol complex: Murakami et al., US 3461114 (1969 to Yamanouchi). The coenzyme differs from Vitamin B12 by the presence of a 5¢-deoxyadenosyl group in the axial ligand occupied by the cyanide in the vitamin. Structure: Lenhert, Hodgkin, Nature 192, 937 (1961). The nucleoside is linked to the cobalt via the 5¢-carbon atom of its deoxyribosyl moiety and the biological and chemical reactivity reside in this C to Co bond: Hogenkamp et al., J. Biol. Chem. 240, 3641 (1965) and Fed. Proc. 25, 1623 (1966). Review: Smith, Vitamin B12 (Methuen Co., London, 3rd ed., 1965).
CAS Name: Uridine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate) P'-a-D-glucopyranosyl ester
Additional Names: UDPG; UDP-Glucose; uridine 5'-pyrophosphate glucose ester; uridine-5'-diphosphoglucose; co-waldenase...
Literature References: The coenzyme of the galactowaldenase system which catalyzes the conversion of galactose-1-phosphate into glucose-1-phosphate. Isoln from baker's yeast: Caputto et al., J. Biol. Chem. 184, 333 (1950). Also present in animal tissue. Synthesis: Michelson, Todd, J. Chem. Soc. 1956, 3459; Moffatt, Khorana, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80, 3756 (1958). Reviews: Leloir, Cardini in The Enzymes vol. 2A, P. D. Boyer et al., Eds. (Academic Press, New York, 2nd ed., 1960) pp 39-61; A. M. Michelson, The Chemistry of Nucleosides and Nucleotides (Academic Press, New York, 1963) pp 153-250; D. W. Hutchison, Nucleotides and Coenzymes (John Wiley, New York, 1964) pp 36-82.
CAS Name: Octadecanoic acid monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol
Additional Names: Monostearin
Literature References: The commercial product is a mixture of variable proportions of glyceryl monostearate and glyceryl monopalmitate.
CAS Name: Tetradecanoic acid 1-methylethyl ester
Percent Composition: C 75.50%, H 12.67%, O 11.83%
Literature References: The commercial product usually appears as a mixture of myristate with small amounts of esters of palmitic and other satd fatty acids. Physical properties: Bonhorst et al., Ind. Eng. Chem. 40, 2379 (1948).
CAS Name: (3b)-Lanosta-8,24-dien-3-ol
Additional Names: kryptosterol
Percent Composition: C 84.44%, H 11.81%, O 3.75%
Literature References: The core steroid from which all others are derived by biological modification. From wool fat of sheep: Windaus, Tschesche, Z. Physiol. Chem. 190, 51 (1930). Identity with kryptosterol: Ruzicka et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 28, 759 (1945). Structure: Voser et al., ibid. 35, 2414 (1952); Barnes et al., J. Chem. Soc. 1953, 571. Stereochemistry: eidem, ibid. 1953, 576. Prepn from isocholesterol: Bloch, Urech, Biochem. Prep. 6, 32 (1958). Prepn by cyclization of squalene: Cornforth et al., Ciba Found. Symp. Terpenes Sterols 1958, 119; van Tamelen et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 88, 4752 (1966). Mechanism of the squalene to lanosterol conversion: eidem, ibid. 104, 6479, 6480 (1982).
CAS Name: 2-Hydroxy-3-methyl-6-(1-methylethyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one
Additional Names: 1-methyl-4-isopropyl-1-cyclohexen-2-ol-3-one; 2-hydroxypiperitone; 1-p-menthen-2-ol-3-one; Buchu camphor; Bar...
Literature References: The crystalline portion of an oil obtained from Buchu leaves which come from various species of Barosma, such as B. betulina Bartl. Wendl., B. serratifolia (Curt.) Willd. and B. crenulata (L.) Hook., Rutaceae: Flückiger, Pharm. J. 11, 174, 219 (1880); Spica, Gazz. Chim. Ital. 15, 195 (1885); Shimoyama, Arch. Pharm. 226, 403 (1888); Kondakov et al., J. Prakt. Chem. [II] 54, 433 (1896); [II] 63, 49 (1901). Structure: Semmler, McKenzie, Ber. 39, 1160 (1906).
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