其它产品项目整合

项目整合的本质是一项集合成方法学、反应工程学与过程分析技术于一体的系统工程。其核心逻辑可以概括为以下几点：源头优选：利用如N-硝胺化学等底层方法学突破，从分子层面颠覆传统高成本、高污染路线。过程强化：依托连续流技术，攻克有机金属试剂应用、光化学反应放大等“不可能”任务，实现高危工艺的本质安全。系统集成：整合“反应-淬灭-分离”全流程，利用微流控与在线分析技术，消除批次间的差异，实现药品制造的连续化与智能化。当前，中间体工艺研发正在经历从“经验驱动”向“数据驱动”的转变。AI辅助路线设计、自动化高通量筛选与连续制造平台的结合，将使得“分子结构与最优工艺路径”之间的映射关系逐渐清晰。未来的竞争优势，将属于那些能够将底层化学创新与先进工程技术进行无缝整合的研发体系。
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其它产品项目整合

Duloxetine CAS Registry Number: 116539-59-4 度洛西汀

CAS Name: (gS)-N-Methyl-g-(1-naphthalenyloxy)-2-thiophenepropanamine
Additional Names: (+)-(S)-N-methyl-g-(1-naphthyloxy)-2-thiophenepropylamine; (+)-N-methyl-3-(1-naphthalenyloxy)-3-(2-thienyl...
Literature References: Dual serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). Prepn: D. W. Robertson et al., EP 273658; eidem, US 5023269 (1988, 1991 both to Lilly); and abs config: J. Deeter et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 31, 7101 (1990). Improved process: R. A. Berglund, US 5362886 (1994 to Lilly). Pharmacology: D. T. Wong et al., Neuropsychopharmacology 8, 23 (1993). Neurochemical effects in vivo: R. W. Fuller et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 269, 132 (1994). Determn of chiral purity: E. C. Rickard, R. J. Bopp, J. Chromatogr. A 680, 609 (1994). Clinical pharmacokinetics: A. Sharma et al., J. Clin. Pharmacol. 40, 161 (2000). Clinical trial in stress incontinence: P. A. Norton et al., Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 187, 40 (2002); in depression: M. J. Detke et al., J. Psychiatr. Res. 36, 383 (2002).

Piperic Acid CAS Registry Number: 5285-18-7 5-(1,3-苯并二恶唑-5-基)-2,4-戊二烯酸

CAS Name: 5-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-2,4-pentadienoic acid
Additional Names: 5-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2,4-pentadienoic acid
Percent Composition: C 66.05%, H 4.62%, O 29.33%
Literature References: Early literature treats the title compound without specifying stereochemistry; however, four isomers exist: piperinic acid (E,E); isochavicinic acid (E,Z); isopiperinic acid (Z,E); chavicinic acid (Z,Z). Physical constants given in early references for piperic acid agree with those of piperinic acid. See Beilstein 19, 281; suppl. II, 300. Synthesis of (E,E)-form: L. von Babo, E. Keller, J. Prakt. Chem. 72, 53 (1857); A. Ladenburg, M. Sholtz, Ber. 27, 2958 (1894); of (E,Z)-form: H. Lohaus, H. Gall, Ann. 517, 278 (1935); of (Z,E)-form: E. Ott, F. Eichler, Ber. 55, 2653 (1922); of (Z,Z)-form: idem, loc. cit.; H. Lohaus, H. Gall, loc. cit.; of all isomers: R. Grewe et al., Ber. 103, 3752 (1970); R. De Cleyn, A. Verzele, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 81, 529 (1972).

g -Coniceine CAS Registry Number: 1604-01-9 6-丙基-2,3,4,5-四氢吡啶

CAS Name: 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-6-propylpyridine
Additional Names: 2-n-propyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine; 2-n-propyl-D1-piperidine
Percent Composition: C 76.74%, H 12.07%, N 11.19%
Literature References: Easily reduced to dl-coniine, q.v. From seeds of Conium maculatum L., Umbelliferae: Cromwell, Biochem. J. 64, 259 (1956); Fairbairn, Challen, ibid. 72, 556 (1959); Fairbairn, Sewal, Phytochemistry 1, 38 (1961). Structure: Beyerman et al., Rec. Trav. Chim. 80, 513 (1961). Synthesis: Lukes et al., Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 12, 641 (1947); Cervinka, Chem. Listy 52, 1145 (1958).

Halofenozide CAS Registry Number: 112226-61-6 氯虫酰肼

CAS Name: 4-Chlorobenzoic acid 2-benzoyl-2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)hydrazideTrademarks: Mach 2 (Dow AgroSci.)
Percent Composition: C 65.35%, H 5.79%, Cl 10.72%, N 8.47%, O 9.67%
Literature References: Ecdysone agonist causing premature molting; insect growth regulator. Prepn: R. W. Addor et al., EP 228564 (1987 to Am Cyanamid). Susceptibility study in insects: R. S. Cowles, M. G. Villani, J. Econ. Entomol. 89, 1556 (1996). LC determn of residues in grass: S. S. Skorczynski, J. AOAC Int. 80, 418 (1997). Review of biological activity and efficacy: T. S. Dhadialla et al., Annu. Rev. Entomol. 43, 545-569 (1998).

Cytochrome c CAS Registry Number: 9007-43-6 细胞色素C

Additional Names: Myohematin; hematin-protein
Trademarks: Cytorest (Mochida)
Literature References: Electron transport protein found in the mitochondrial intermembrane space of all eukaryotes. Transfers electrons between complex III and complex IV of the respiratory chain. Synthesized in the cytosol as apocytochrome c, then transported across the mitochondrial outer membrane. Heme lyase covalently attaches the heme c prosthetic group, a derivative of iron protoporphyrin IX, q.v. During apoptosis, cytochrome c is released from the mitochondia and acts as a cofactor for caspase, q.v. activation. Human form consists of a single polypeptide chain of 104 amino acid residues with the heme group covalently attached through thioether linkages at cysteine residues 14 and 17. Isoln from muscle tissue: C. A. MacMunn, Proc. R. Soc. London 39, 248 (1886). Identification and absorption spectra of cellular pigments called cytochromes: D. Keilin, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 98, 312 (1925). Redox function and isoln from baker's yeast: idem, ibid. 106, 418 (1930). Absorption spectrum: M. Dixon et al., ibid. 109, 29 (1931). Improved prepn from vertebrate and invertebrate sources: E. Margoliash, O. F. Walasek, Methods Enzymol. 10, 339 (1967). Isoln and purification from plant sources: M. Richardson et al., Phytochemistry 9, 2271 (1970). Oxidation-reduction potentials: F. L. Rodkey, E. G. Ball, J. Biol. Chem. 182, 17 (1950). First crystn from King penguin: G. Bodo, Nature 176, 829 (1955). Electron transport function in respiration: E. C. Slater, Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Subj. Biochem. 20, 147 (1958). First elucidation of amino acid sequence was horse heart: E. Margoliash et al., J. Biol. Chem. 237, 2148, 2151, 2161 (1962); of human heart: H. Matsubara, E. L. Smith, ibid. 238, 2732 (1963). Crystal structure of horse heart and bonito cytochrome c: R. E. Dickerson et al., J. Biol. Chem. 246, 1511 (1971). Structural properties of apo-, iron-free porphyrin, and native cytochrome c: W. R. Fisher et al., J. Biol. Chem. 248, 3188 (1973). Discovery and characterization of apoptotic function: X. Liu et al., Cell 86, 147 (1996); H. Zou et al., J. Biol. Chem. 274, 11549 (1999). Review of role in apoptosis: X. Jiang, X. Wang, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 73, 87-106 (2004). Reviews: R. Lemberg, J. W. Legge, Hematin Compounds and Bile Pigments (Wiley, New York, 1949); E. Margoliash, A. Schejter, Adv. Protein Chem. 21, 113-286 (1966); H. A. Harbury, R. H. L. Marks, in Inorganic Biochemistry vol. 2, G. L. Eichhorn, Ed. (Elsevier, New York, 1973) pp 902-954. Books: Structure and Function of Cytochromes, K. Okunuki et al., Eds. (University Park Press, Baltimore, 1968) 742 pp; G. W. Pettigrew, G. R. Moore, Cytochromes c: Biological Aspects, (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1987) 282 pp.; G. R. Moore, G. W. Pettigrew, Cytochromes c: Evolutionary, Structural and Physicochemical Aspects, (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1990) 478 pp.; Cytochrome c: A Multidisciplinary Approach, R. A. Scott, A. G. Mauk, Eds. (University Science, Sausalito, 1996) 738 pp.

Selectfluor® (Air Prods. Chem.) CAS Registry Number: 140681-55-6 1-氯甲基-4-氟-1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷二(四氟硼酸)盐

CAS Name: 1-(Chloromethyl)-4-fluoro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis[tetrafluoroborate(1-)]
Additional Names: F-TEDA-BF4
Percent Composition: C 23.73%, H 3.98%, B 6.10%, Cl 10.01%, F 48....
Literature References: Electrophilic N-F fluorinating agent. Prepn: R. E. Banks, US 5086178 (1992 to Air Prods. Chem.); idem et al., J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1992, 595; and applications as an electrophilic fluorinating agent: idem et al., J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 1996, 2069. X-ray crystal structure: idem et al., Acta Crystallogr. C49, 492 (1993). Review of properties and applications in organic synthesis: R. E. Banks, J. Fluorine Chem. 87, 1-17 (1998); of commercial development: J. J. Hart, R. G. Syvret, ibid. 100, 157-161 (1999); of applications and mechanism of fluorination: P. T. Nyffeler et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44, 192-212 (2005).

Duthaler-Hafner Reagent CAS Registry Number: 132068-98-5

CAS Name: Chloro(h5-2,4-cyclopentadien-1-yl)[(4R,5R)-2,2-dimethyl-a,a,a',a'-tetraphenyl-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dimethanolato(2-)-kO4,kO5]titanium
Percent Composition: C 70.54%, H 5.43%, Cl 5.78%, O ...
Literature References: Enantioselective allyl-transfer reagent. Prepn: R. O. Duthaler et al., Pure Appl. Chem. 62, 631 (1990). As reagent in prepn of titanium transmetallation complexes: A. Hafner et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114, 2321 (1992). Use in aldol reactions: R. C. Cambie et al., Aust. J. Chem. 46, 583 (1993); in asymmetric allylation: A. Fürstner, K. Langemann, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 9130 (1997). Review of prepn, structure and use: R. O. Duthaler et al., in Proc. 3rd Symp. Org. Synth. Organomet. 1990, K. H. Doetz, R. W. Hoffmann Eds. (Vieweg, Braunschweig, Germany, 1991) pp 285-309.

Epinephrine CAS Registry Number: 51-43-4 肾上腺素

CAS Name: 4-[(1R)-1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-1,2-benzenediol
Additional Names: (-)-3,4-dihydroxy-a-[(methylamino)methyl]benzyl alcohol; l-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(methylamino)ethanol; l-...
Literature References: Endogenous catcholamine with combined a- and b-agonist activity. Principal sympathomimetic hormone produced by the adrenal medulla. Isoln from animal adrenal glands: Takamine, J. Soc. Chem. Ind. 20, 746 (1901); Aldrich, Am. J. Physiol. 5, 457 (1901). Synthesis of dl-form: Stolz, Ber. 37, 4149 (1904); Payne, Ind. Chem. 37, 523 (1961). Historic review of syntheses: Loewe, Arzneim.-Forsch. 4, 583 (1954). Resolution of dl-form: Flächer, Z. Physiol. Chem. 58, 189 (1908). Configuration: Pratesi et al., J. Chem. Soc. 1958, 2069. Acute toxicity: A. M. Lands et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 90, 110 (1947). HPLC determn in plasma and urine: C. R. Benedict, J. Chromatogr. 385, 369 (1987). Comprehensive description: D. H. Szulczewski, W.-H. Hong, Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. 7, 193-229 (1978). Physiologic review: Malmejac, Physiol. Rev. 44, 186 (1964). Review of biosynthesis: L. A. Pohorecky, R. J. Wurtman, Pharmacol. Rev. 23, 1-35 (1971); of pharmacology and clinical use in cardiopulmonary resuscitation: N. A. Paradis, E. M. Koscove, Ann. Emerg. Med. 19, 1288-1301 (1990); P. Hebert et al., J. Emerg. Med. 9, 487-495 (1991). Review of use in anaphylaxis: A. P. C. McLean-Tooke et al., Br. Med. J. 327, 1332-1335 (2003).

Corticosterone CAS Registry Number: 50-22-6 肾上腺酮

CAS Name: (11b)-11,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione
Additional Names: 4-pregnene-11b,21-diol-3,20-dione; Kendall's compound B; Reichstein's substance HPercent Composition: C 72.80%, H 8.73%, ...
Literature References: Endogenous glucocorticoid; intermediate in the biosynthesis of aldosterone from progesterone. Isoln from adrenal cortex: Mason et al., J. Biol. Chem. 114, 613 (1936); Reichstein, von Euw, Helv. Chim. Acta 21, 1197 (1938); Jeanloz et al., US 2676904 (1954 to Searle); from adrenal extract: Reichstein, US 2166877 (1939 to Roche-Organon). Prepn from desoxycholic acid: Wallis, Chakravorty, US 2341250 (1944 to Research Corp.); from 11-deoxycorticosterone: Zaffaroni, US 2671752 (1954 to Syntex); from cortisone: Oliveto et al., US 2927108 (1960 to Schering).

Deoxyribonuclease I CAS Registry Number: 9003-98-9 脱氧核糖核酸酶

Additional Names: Deoxyribonuclease (pancreatic); pancreatic dornase; pancreatic desoxyribonuclease; DNase I
Literature References: Endonuclease enzyme that hydrolyzes DNA; produced by the mammalian pancreas. Variably glycosylated, single polypeptide chain with two disulfide bridges; multiple isoforms exist. The human form consists of 260 amino acid residues; mol wt ~37 kDa. Prepn from beef pancreas: M. Kunitz, Science 108, 19 (1948); Baumgarten, Johnson, US 2801956; eidem, US 3042587 (1957, 1962 both to Merck Co.). Properties of purified DNase I: Price et al., J. Biol. Chem. 244, 917 (1969). Reviews of purification and characterization: M. Laskowski in The Enzymes vol. 4, P. D. Boyer, Ed. (Academic Press, New York, 3rd ed., 1971) pp 289-311; S. Moore, ibid. vol. 14 281-296 (1981); T.-H. Liao, Mol. Cell. Biochem. 34, 15-22 (1981).