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毒草胺置于hydroxide体系中,化学反应生成 N-异丙基苯胺
参考文献:氯乙酰苯胺除草剂亲核取代反应的动力学和机理:α-取代作用的研究.
标题:氯乙酰苯胺除草剂亲核取代反应的动力学和机理:α-取代作用的研究.
摘要:α-氯代乙酰苯胺除草剂与强亲核体发生取代反应的难易程度以及对弱亲核体的拒服性与它们的除草特性和环境化学密切相关.在这项研究中,我们研究了水溶液中丙草胺和甲草胺的亲核取代反应的动力学和机理.通过包括具有修饰的α取代基的几种丙草胺的结构上相关的类似物,检查了α-酰胺基团所起的作用.反应的整体二级性质,负deltas(双匕首)值,离子强度对反应性的弱影响,结构反应性趋势共同支持分子间的s(n)2机理,而不是丙氯的α-氯代乙酰苯胺以及α-氯代硫代乙酰苯胺类似物的分子内反应.相反,α-亚甲基类似物表现出动力学和盐效应,与苯胺氮的邻氨基苯甲酸酯辅助相一致.可以推断出与α-苯胺取代基的电子相互作用,而不是与邻近基团的参与,可以控制α-氯乙酰苯胺对亲核试剂的反应性.
DOI:10.1021/jf030290D

专利信息

专利号:WO-2013138200-A1
优先权日:2012-03-13
标 题 :Green chemistry synthesis of the malaria drug amodiaquine and analogs thereof
发明人：FORTUNAK JOSEPH MARIAN; KULKARNI AMOL ANANT; KING CHRISTOPHER
权利人:UNIV HOWARD
摘要:Methods are provided for a green chemistry one-pot synthesis of amodiaquine and amodiaquine analogs. The methods have a lower environmental impact, lower investment cost, reduced amounts of byproducts and impurities, and a shorter synthesis time, compared to current conventional synthesis methods. The methods reduce the total number of steps in the synthesis from four to five down to two, thereby simplifying production; and allow a reduced number of solvents and reagents to be used in production, thereby reducing the waste generated in the synthesis. The methods can reduce the waste to about 3-5 kilograms of waste generated per kilogram of product produced; and surprisingly improve the overall yield from 60-65% to greater than 90% as compared to the current conventional synthesis methods for amodiaquine and its analogs.

专利号:US-2012165520-A1
优先权日:2010-12-23
标题:Process for the synthesis of prodrugs of opioids
发明人：MCGEE PAUL; GARNETT IAN; JUAN E; MANAGE A; CARNIAUX JEAN-FRANCOIS
权利人:MCGEE PAUL; GARNETT IAN; JUAN E; MANAGE A; CARNIAUX JEAN-FRANCOIS
摘要:The present invention provides a process for the synthesis of opioid prodrugs. In particular, the present invention provides a process for the synthesis of opioid prodrugs comprising: treating an opioid, in the form of a salt or a freebase, with a carbonyl synthon to form an activated intermediate and subsequently reacting the activated intermediate with an amine, in the form of a salt or a freebase.

专利号:US-4000197-A
优先权日:1973-07-23
标 题 :Asymmetric synthesis of phenylisopropylamines
发明人：BARFKNECHT CHARLES F; NICHOLS DAVID E
权利人:UNIV IOWA RES FOUND
摘要:The synthesis of enantiomers of a series of methoxy- and alkyl- substituted phenylisopropylamines is described. The synthesis comprises reducing the imines, formed by the reaction of appropriate phenylacetones with either (+)- or (-)-α-methylbenzylamine, by low-pressure reduction techniques, and subsequently subjecting the optically active N-(α-phenethyl)phenylisopropylamine derivative to hydrogenolysis. The hydrogenolysis products are characterized by enantiomeric purities in the range of 96 - 99%. Yields of products are approximately 60%.

专利号:US-4739073-A
优先权日:1983-11-04
标题:Intermediates in the synthesis of indole analogs of mevalonolactone and derivatives thereof
发明人：KATHAWALA FAIZULLA G
权利人:SANDOZ PHARMACEUTICALS CORP
摘要:Compounds of the formula wherein one of R and Ro is and the other is primary or secondary C1-6alkyl not containing an asymmetric carbon atom, C3-6cycloalkyl or phenyl(CH2)m-, wherein R4 is hydrogen, C1-3alkyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, t-butyl, C1-3alkoxy, n-butoxy, i-butoxy, trifluoromethyl, fluoro, chloro, phenoxy or benzyloxy, R5 is hydrogen, C1-3alkyl, C1-3alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, fluoro, chloro, phenoxy or benzyloxy, R5a is hydrogen, C1-2alkyl, C1-2alkoxy, fluoro or chloro, and m is 1, 2 or 3, with the provisos that both R5 and R5a must be hydrogen when R4 is hydrogen, R5a must be hydrogen when R5 is hydrogen, not more than one of R4 and R5 is trifluoromethyl, not more than one of R4 and R5 is phenoxy, and not more than one of R4 and R5 is benzyloxy, R2 is hydrogen, C1-3alkyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, t-butyl, C3-6cycloalkyl, C1-3alkoxy, n-butoxy, i-butoxy, trifluoromethyl, fluoro, chloro, phenoxy or benzyloxy, R3 is hydrogen, C1-3alkyl, C1-3alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, fluoro, chloro, phenoxy or benzyloxy, with the provisos that R3 must be hydrogen when R2 is hydrogen, not more than one of R2 and R3 is trifluoromethyl, not more than one of R2 and R3 is phenoxy, and not more than one of R2 and R3 is benzyloxy, X is -(CH2)n- or -CH=CH-, wherein n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, and Z is wherein R6 is hydrogen or C1-3alkyl, and R7 is hydrogen, C1-3alkyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, t-butyl, benzyl or M, wherein M is a pharmaceutically acceptable cation, the use thereof for inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis and lowering the blood cholesterol level, and, therefore, in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia and atherosclerosis, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and processes for and intermediates in the synthesis of such compounds.

专利号:US-8058477-B2
优先权日:2006-03-21
标 题 :Process for the synthesis of arylamines from the reaction of an aromatic compound with ammonia or a metal amide
发明人：HARTWIG JOHN F; SHEN QILONG
权利人:HARTWIG JOHN F; SHEN QILONG; UNIV YALE
摘要:A catalytic process for the synthesis of aromatic primary amines, reagent compositions for effecting the process, and transition metal complexes useful in the process, are provided.

专利号:US-2006009642-A1
优先权日:2001-10-12
标题 :Methods for the synthesis of substituted purines
发明人：DING SHENG; DING QIANG; GRAY NATHANAEL S; SCHULTZ PETER G
权利人:IRM LLC
摘要:The invention provides general methods for preparing 2,9-, 2,6,9-, O 6 -aryl- and O 6 -alkyl-substituted purines in a combinatorial and traceless fashion. The methods involve, in some embodiments, Mitsunobu alkylation of 2-fluoro-6-phenylsulfenylpurine at N9 with alcohols in solution, followed by C2-capture of the purine core with a resin-bound amine and subsequent oxidation and displacement of the C6 sulfonyl group with amines and anilines.