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参考文献:Seasonal And Global No_{X<> Production By Lightning Estimated From The Optical Transient Detector (Otd)
标题:Seasonal And Global NoX<> Production By Lightning Estimated From The Optical Transient Detector (Otd)
摘要:光学瞬态探测器(otd)雷电数据用于估算1996年12个月期间雷电产生的nox的季节性和全球分布.Otd传感器的视角相对较小,检测效率低以及其他困难,要求将otd数据外推至实际的全球闪电分布.此外,已有的关于云内闪电(ic)与云对地闪电(cg)比例的测量结果被用于从otd观测中区分ic与cg闪电的计数.得到的闪电分布随后用于计算nox的全球和季节性生产,假设每个cg闪电产生6.2x10^25个分子的no,每个ic闪电产生8.7x10^24个分子.因此,我们发现虽然cg闪电数量比ic闪电少3倍或更多,但cg闪电产生的nox却比ic闪电多.雷电产生的nox在季节上随全球闪电分布变化,北半球在当地夏季时产生最多.Nox生产的纬度分布在热带以外展现出强烈的季节变化,主要发生在夏季半球,而在热带则全年产量较高.北半球对nox生产的年贡献高于南半球.
Doi:10.3402/tellusb.V52I5.17098}

专利信息

专利号:US-7615169-B2
优先权日:2004-09-20
标题 :Method for synthesis of colloidal nanoparticles
发明人：STROUSE GEOFFREY FIELDING; GERBEC JEFFREY A; MAGANA DONNY
权利人:UNIV CALIFORNIA
摘要:A method for synthesis of high quality colloidal nanoparticles using comprises a high heating rate process. Irradiation of single mode, high power, microwave is a particularly well suited technique to realize high quality semiconductor nanoparticles. The use of microwave radiation effectively automates the synthesis, and more importantly, permits the use of a continuous flow microwave reactor for commercial preparation of the high quality colloidal nanoparticles.

专利号:US-7927516-B2
优先权日:2004-09-20
标题 :Method for synthesis of colloidal nanoparticles
发明人：STROUSE GEOFFREY F; GERBEC JEFFREY A; MAGANA DONNY
权利人:UNIV CALIFORNIA
摘要:A method for synthesis of high quality colloidal nanoparticles using comprises a high heating rate process. Irradiation of single mode, high power, microwave is a particularly well suited technique to realize high quality semiconductor nanoparticles. The use of microwave radiation effectively automates the synthesis, and more importantly, permits the use of a continuous flow microwave reactor for commercial preparation of the high quality colloidal nanoparticles.

专利号:US-5502126-A
优先权日:1993-06-17
标 题 :Process for the synthesis of isoprene butadiene rubber
发明人：BELL ANTHONY J; MATRANA BARRY A; HALASA ADEL F
权利人:GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER
摘要:The subject invention relates to a technique for synthesizing rubbery non-tapered, random, copolymers of 1,3-butadiene and isoprene. These rubbery copolymers exhibit an excellent combination of properties for utilization in tire sidewall rubber compounds for truck tires. By utilizing these isoprene-butadiene rubbers in tire sidewalls, tires having improved cut growth resistance can be built without sacrificing rolling resistance. Such rubbers can also be employed in tire tread compounds to improve tread wear characteristics and decrease rolling resistance without sacrificing traction characteristics. This invention more specifically discloses a process for the synthesis of isoprene-butadiene rubbers which comprises copolymerizing isoprene monomer and 1,3-butadiene monomer in an organic solvent in the presence of a catalyst system which is made by the sequential steps of (1) mixing (a) an organoaluminum hydride, (b) a member selected from the group consisting of aliphatic alcohols, cycloaliphatic alcohols, aliphatic thiols, cycloaliphatic thiols, trialkyl silanols, and triaryl silanols, and (c) optionally, 1,3-butadiene in an organic solvent to produce a modified organoaluminum catalyst component; (2) adding an organometallic compound which contains a metal from Group III-B of the Periodic System to the modified organoaluminum catalyst component to produce a Group III-B metal containing catalyst component; and (3) adding a compound which contains at least one labile halogen atom to the Group III-B metal containing catalyst component.

专利号:US-2003125487-A1
优先权日:2001-12-31
标题 :Group III-B metal catalyst system
发明人：HSU WEN-LIANG; HALASA ADEL FARHAN; JASIUNAS CHAD AARON
权利人:HSU WEN-LIANG; HALASA ADEL FARHAN; JASIUNAS CHAD AARON
摘要:The subject invention relates to a technique for synthesizing rubbery non-tapered, random, copolymers of 1,3-butadiene and isoprene. These rubbery copolymers exhibit an excellent combination of properties for utilization in tire sidewall rubber compounds for truck tires. By utilizing these isoprene-butadiene rubbers in tire sidewalls, tires having improved cut growth resistance can be built without sacrificing rolling resistance. Such rubbers can also be employed in tire tread compounds to improve tread wear characteristics and decrease rolling resistance without sacrificing traction characteristics. This invention more specifically discloses a process for the synthesis of isoprene-butadiene rubbers which comprises copolymerizing isoprene monomer and 1,3-butadiene monomer in an organic solvent in the presence of a catalyst system that is comprised of (I) a compound which contains at least one labile halogen atom and (II) a Group III-B metal containing catalyst component which is made by the sequential steps of (1) mixing (a) an organoaluminum hydride, (b) a member selected from the group consisting of aliphatic alcohols, cycloaliphatic alcohols, aliphatic thiols, cycloaliphatic thiols, trialkyl silanols, and triaryl silanols, and (c) optionally, 1,3-butadiene in an organic solvent to produce a modified organoaluminum catalyst component, and (2) adding an organometallic compound which contains a metal from Group III-B of the Periodic System to the modified organoaluminum catalyst component to produce a Group III-B metal containing catalyst component.

专利号:US-9226876-B2
优先权日:2001-10-19
标 题:Rubber for baby bottle nipples, pacifiers, and syringe plungers
发明人：KERNS MICHAEL LESTER; RACHITA MICHAEL JOSEPH
权利人:KERNS MICHAEL LESTER; RACHITA MICHAEL JOSEPH; GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER
摘要:The production of a protein free synthetic polyisoprene which has both low levels of chemical impurities and good physical properties has yet to be realized. It has now been envisioned that the use of neodymium catalyzed polyisoprene will offer the combined advantages of both a clean, as well as, high cis-1,4 polymer. Synthesis of polyisoprene rubber using a neodymium based catalyst system is described. Characterization of the material shows the absence of an ultra high molecular weight fraction and the presence of very high cis-1,4-microstructure. Gum stock and black filled compound studies comparing neodymium polyisoprene with natural rubber, titanium polyisoprene, and lithium polyisoprene have been performed. Results indicate that polyisoprene rubber synthesized using a neodymium catalyst system (Nd—PI) has similar stress-strain and tear properties as synthetic titanium polyisoprene. Analysis of residual volatile, extractable, and oligomer levels indicates Nd—PI is indeed a clean source of high cis synthetic polyisoprene. In the practice of this invention such Nd—PI is used in manufacturing articles used in manufacturing health care products, garments, clothing, and food and beverage packaging. Some specific applications include: bandages, drug delivery patches, suture tape, pharmaceutical closures, including syringe plungers and sleeves, vial closures and stoppers, tourniquets, exercise bands, condoms and prophylactic devices, gloves and glove dip, intervenous bags and tubing, baby bottle nipples, pacifiers, and teething devices, breast hoods, and dental and orthodontic devices.

专利号:US-2007264834-A1
优先权日:2004-09-20
标题:Method for Synthesis of Colloidal Nanoparticles