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乙醇醛二聚体置于tin (Iv) Chloride Pentahydrate体系中,用 水,乙腈 用作溶剂,化学反应 2.0H,反应生成(+/-)-α-羟基-γ-丁内酯
参考文献:锡级联催化从可再生乙醇醛制取功能性聚酯结构单元
标题:锡级联催化从可再生乙醇醛制取功能性聚酯结构单元
摘要:受围绕生命起源的基于formose的假设的启发,我们报告了一条新颖的催化路线,该路线通往一系列新发现的四碳α-羟基酸(aha)及其来自各种可及的可再生乙醇醛(ga)的酯溶剂.合成路线遵循级联反应网络,并通过原位13 C NMR研究了其确定速率决定步骤的机理.机理上的理解通过平衡布朗斯台德酸和路易斯酸活性(两者均源自卤化锡催化剂),从而优化了反应条件,提高了aha的总体形成速率.最佳h +/ Sn比为3,并且这个数字令人惊讶地与sn的氧化态无关.通过向反应混合物中添加少量水,进一步提高速率,与纯甲醇溶剂相比,将速率提高4.5倍.级联反应选择性地产生接近60%的4-甲氧基-2-羟基丁酸甲酯(mmhb).在甲醇的优化速率方案中,初始tof为7.4 Mol Ga Mol Sn-1 H-1被找到.在位阻醇(异丙醇)中,Aha的形成率甚至更高,并且相应的乙醇酸乙烯酯是主要产物.乙烯基乙醇酸,2
Doi:10.1021/cs400298N

专利信息

专利号:US-6350878-B1
优先权日:1998-05-18
标 题 :Intermediates for the synthesis of epothilones and methods for their preparation
发明人：ALTMANN KARL-HEINZ; BAUER ARMIN; SCHINZER DIETER
权利人:NOVARTIS AG
摘要:The invention relates to a method of synthesis for a compound of formula (I),wherein R is a heterocyclyl moiety and X1, X2, X3 and X4 are, independently of each other, protecting groups, which is appropriate for the synthesis of epothilone B and desoxyepothione B.

专利号:US-2024425890-A1
优先权日:2022-02-11
标 题:Process for the synthesis of alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone
发明人：TADEN ANDREAS; BECK HORST; MYRTOLLARI KAMELA; KOURIST ROBERT; NIGL ANDREA
权利人:HENKEL AG & CO KGAA
摘要:The present application provides a process for the preparation of α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone, said process comprising the steps of:a) acetylating the C1-hydroxyl group of isoprenol to yield isoprenyl acetate;b) forming 4-acetoxy-2-methylene-butan-1-ol from said isoprenyl acetate by whole cell biotransformation, said step comprising:i) contacting a cell (CB) with a culture medium containing said isoprenyl acetate or with a culture medium contiguous with an organic phase containing said isoprenyl acetate under conditions that enable the cell to form 4-acetoxy-2-methylene-butan-1-ol from isoprenyl acetate; and,ii) optionally isolating the resultant 4-acetoxy-2-methylene-butan-1-ol, wherein said cell (CB) exhibits activity of at least one alkane monooxygenase enzyme which catalyzes the formation of 4-acetoxy-2-methylene-butan-1-ol from isoprenyl acetate;c) oxidizing said 4-acetoxy-2-methylene-butan-1-ol to yield 4-acetoxy-2-methylene butyric acid; and,d) converting said 4-acetoxy-2-methylene butyric acid to α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone by hydroxylysis to γ-hydroxy-α-methylenebutyric acid and subsequent cyclization of said γ-hydroxy-α-methylenebutyric acid.

专利号:US-2005209355-A1
优先权日:2004-03-22
标 题:[Novel Reactions and the Products of Such Reactions]
发明人：ROITMAN LIPA L
权利人:ROITMAN LIPA L
摘要:A process for the synthesis of novel compounds is described comprising reacting tetrachloroethylene with substances containing active methylene group in the presence of free radical initiators. Also, a process for grafting tetrachloroethylene is described comprising reacting these compounds with polymers containing active methylene group in the presence of free radical initiators. Furthermore, a method of conducting such reactions to high conversion is described, comprising conducting the reactions in the reflux condensate. The present invention provides a novel and high yield route for heretofore unobtainable materials.

专利号:US-4634692-A
优先权日:1981-08-28
标 题 :Synthesis of 1α,25-dihydroxy-24R-fluorocholecalciferol and 1α,25-dihydroxy-24S-fluorocholecalciferol
发明人：PARTRIDGE JOHN J; SHIUEY SHIAN-JAN; USKOKOVIC MILAN R
权利人:HOFFMANN LA ROCHE
摘要:1α,25-Dihydroxy-24R-fluorocholecalciferol and 1α,25-dihydroxy-24S-fluorocholecalciferol, analogs of 1α,25-dihydroxy-cholecalciferol which is physiologically the most active metabolite of vitamin D 3 , are synthesized in a multistep process from the known substance 1α,3β-dihydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one. The new analogs are characterized by the ability to increase intestinal calcium transport, increase serum calcium and phosphate concentrations and to increase the deposition of these minerals in bones. These compounds will find a ready application as substitutes for natural 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in the treatment of disease states characterized by metabolic calcium and phosphate deficiencies. Exemplary of such disease states are the following: osteomalacia, osteoporosis, rickets, osteitis fibrosa cystica, renal osteodystrophy, osteosclerosis, anti-convulsant treatment, osteopenia, fibrogenesis-imperfecta ossium, secondary hyperparathyrodism, hypoparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, cirrhosis, obstructive jaundice, drug induced metabolism, medullary carcinoma, chronic renal disease, hypophosphatemic VDRR, vitamin D-dependent rickets, sarcoidosis, glucocorticoid antagonism, malabsorption syndrome, steatorrhea, tropical sprue, idiopathic hypercalcemia and milk fever.

专利号:US-8053161-B2
优先权日:2006-09-25
标 题 :Resist composition, resin for use in the resist composition, compound for use in the synthesis of the resin, and pattern-forming method using the resist composition
发明人：WADA KENJI; SAEGUSA HIROSHI
权利人:FUJIFILM CORP
摘要:A resist composition comprises: (A) a resin capable of increasing its solubility in an alkali developer by action of an acid; (B) a compound capable of generating an acid upon irradiation with actinic ray or radiation; (C) a resin having at least one of a fluorine atom and a silicon atom; and (D) a solvent, wherein the resin (C) has a degree of molecular weight dispersion of 1.3 or less and a weight average molecular weight of 1.0×10 4 or less.

专利号:US-9709891-B2
优先权日:2005-12-09
标 题:Positive resist composition, resin used for the positive resist composition, compound used for synthesis of the resin and pattern forming method using the positive resist composition
发明人：KANDA HIROMI; KANNA SHINICHI
权利人:FUJIFILM CORP
摘要:A positive resist composition comprises: (A) a resin of which solubility in an alkali developer increases under an action of an acid; (B) a compound capable of generating an acid upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation; (C) a resin having at least one of a fluorine atom and a silicon atom; and (D) a solvent; and a pattern forming method using the positive resist composition.