专利号:US-5239052-A 优先权日:1990-08-30 标 题 :Process for synthesis of aromatic sulfides 发明人:HAY ALLAN S; WANG ZHI Y 权利人:HAY ALLAN S; WANG ZHI Y 摘要:Aromatic sulfides including diarylsulfides and poly(arylene sulfides) are produced in a novel synthesis in high yield under moderate conditions by heating an aromatic disulfide in the presence of aromatic halide, in which the halide is chloride, bromide or iodide; the diaryl sulfides are useful precursors and starting materials for a range of compounds and the poly(arylene sulfides) are important high temperature engineering thermoplastics.
专利号:US-5177183-A 优先权日:1990-08-30 标 题:Process for synthesis of aromatic sulfides 发明人:HAY ALLAN S; WANG ZHI Y 权利人:HAY ALLAN S; WANG ZHI Y 摘要:Aromatic sulfides including diarylsulfides and poly(arylene sulfides) are produced in a novel synthesis in high yield under moderate conditions by heating an aromatic disulfide in the presence of aromatic halide, in which the halide is chloride, bromide or iodide; the diaryl sulfides are useful precursors and starting materials for a range of compounds and the poly(arylene sulfides) are important high temperature engineering thermoplastics.
专利号:US-3876689-A 优先权日:1972-08-28 标题:One-step synthesis of alpha, beta-unsaturated sulfonate salts by the reaction of carbon tetrahalides with certain sulfones 发明人:MEYERS CAL Y; HO LAURENCE L 权利人:UNIV SOUTHERN ILLINOIS 摘要:.alpha.,.beta.-Unsaturated sulfonic acid salts are prepared by a one step synthesis involving reaction of a di-primary alkyl sulfone, an arylmethyl primary alkyl sulfone, an .alpha.-halo diprimary alkyl sulfone, or an .alpha.-haloarylmethyl primary alkyl sulfone with a carbon tetrahalide and a strong base. The sulfone substrate is reacted with a carbon tetrahalide represented by the formula CBr.sub.m Cl.sub.n F.sub.p where m and n are integers between 0 and 4 inclusive, p is an integer between 0 and 2 inclusive and m+n+p = 4 in the presence of the strong base to form a geminally .alpha.-dihalogenated intermediate and dihalocarbene. The geminally .beta.-dihalogenated intermediate reacts rapidly in situ with the strong base to form an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated sulfonic acid salt and a halide salt. The unsaturated sulfonic acid salt may be acidified to form the corresponding acid or reacted with a halogenating agent to form the corresponding acid halide. .alpha.,.beta.-Unsaturated sulfonic acid salts are useful detergents.
专利号:US-3819817-A 优先权日:1972-03-10 标 题:Hydrogen sulfide synthesis 发明人:VAN SLYKE W 权利人:SLYKE W VAN 摘要:A PROCESS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE FREE OF CARBON DIOXIDE COMPRISING THE STEPS OF REACTING A SULFUR BEARING MATERIAL SUCH AS SODIUM SULFATE OR SODIUM SULFITE WITH OXYGEN, CARBON AND STREAM UNDER REDUCING CONDITIONS IN THE PRESENCE OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE TO PRODUCE SODIUM SULFIDE. THIS SODIUM SULFIDE IS THEN REACTED WITH ACID TO LIBERATE HYDROGEN SULFIDE.
专利号:US-9719098-B2 优先权日:2011-04-05 标 题:Methods for the improvement of product yield and production in a microorganism through the addition of alternate electron acceptors 发明人:ARGYROS AARON; SILLERS WILLIAM RYAN; BARRETT TRISHA; CAIAZZA NICKY; SHAW IV ARTHUR J 权利人:LALLEMAND HUNGARY LIQUIDITY MAN LLC 摘要:The present invention provides for novel metabolic pathways to reduce or eliminate glycerol production and increase product formation. More specifically, the invention provides for a recombinant microorganism comprising a deletion of one or more native enzymes that function to produce glycerol and/or regulate glycerol synthesis and one or more native and/or heterologous enzymes that function in one or more engineered metabolic pathways to convert a carbohydrate source, such as lignocellulose, to a product, such as ethanol, wherein the one or more native and/or heterologous enzymes is activated, upregulated, or downregulated. The invention also provides for a recombinant microorganism comprising one or more heterologous enzymes that function to regulate glycerol synthesis and one or more native and/or heterologous enzymes that function in one or more engineered metabolic pathways to convert a carbohydrate source to ethanol, wherein said one or more native and/or heterologous enzymes is activated, upregulated or downregulated.
专利号:US-RE38773-E 优先权日:1998-12-23 标 题 :High performance biodegradable materials from oriented starch derivatives 发明人:MARK JAMES E; PETERSON BROOKE ZHAO; EMAN BURAK; BAHAR IVET; KLOCZKOWSKI ANDRZEJ 权利人:UNIV CINCINNATI 摘要:The present invention involves the synthesis of a series of amylose (starch) derivatives with various degrees of substitution and amylose/amylopectin ratios. These chains are chemically crosslinked and then mechanically deformed (stretched) to produce a biodegradable and mechanically superior material. Specifically, the process consists of chemically modifying starch into starch derivatives such as starch ethers, starch esters and starch carbamates. The polymers have a percentage degree of substitution of from about 35% to about 95% (degree of substitution is from about 1.05 to about 2.85) and preferably have a percentage degree of substitution of from about 65% to about 90% (degree of substitution is from about 1.95 to about 2.70). The starch derivatives are crosslinked to obtain crosslinked chains and processed into sheets, films, fibers, threads or other articles as known in the art. After processing, the articles are swollen in a thermodynamically acceptable solvent or solvent mixture to a desired volume and deformed in a uniaxial or biaxial extension. The polymers materials are preferably stretched from about 1% to about 500% in the direction of stretching. Finally, the solvent is removed, yielding a homogeneous, highly-ordered material. The present invention improves the properties and the quality of sheets, films, fibers, threads or other articles with respect, for example, to mechanical strength. The materials are developed from starch, a natural renewable source which has low cost, high production levels and which replaces petroleum-based, synthetic polymers; the materials acquire high-strength, high-modulus, toughness and flexibility; and the materials exhibit structural and functional stability during processing, storage and use, yet are susceptible to biodegradation upon disposal.
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合成参考文献
参考文献:10.1007/978-1-4939-0915-5_11 摘要:Tandon V, Roy B, Shylla JA, Ghatani S. Amphistomes. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2014;766():365–92. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0915-5_11.