合成路线:Reaction of 3-(benzyloxy)propionic acid (I) with 4(R)-isopropyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione (II) in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride and DMAP gives 3-[3-(benzyloxy)propanoyl]-4(R)-isopropyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione (III),which by treatment with tin(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate and excess acetaldehyde affords 3-[(2S,3R)-2-(benzyloxymethyl)-3-hydroxybutanoyl]-4(R)-isopropyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione (IV).Protection of the hydroxy group of (IV) with tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride in the presence of imidazole yields 3-[(2S,3R)-2-(benzyloxymethyl)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)butanoyl]-4(R)-isopropyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione (V),which is treated with p-anisidine to afford (2S,3R)-2-(benzyloxymethyl)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)butylamide (VI).Deprotection of (VI) by hydrogenation with Pd/C in methanol-acetic acid gives (2S,3R)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)butylamide (VII),which is mesylated with methanesulfonyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine to yield (2S,3R)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-[(methanesulfonyloxy)methyl]-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)butylamide (VIII).Cyclization of (VIII) with sodium hydride in CH2Cl2-DMF affords 3(S)-[1(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]-1-(4-methoxyphenyl) azetidin-2-one (IX),the nitrogen atom of which is deprotected with cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN) in a mixture of acetonitrile-water to yield 3(S)-[1(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]azetidin-2-one (X).Compound (X) is stereoselectively converted to (3S,4R)-3-[1(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]-4-acetoxyazetidin-2-one (XI) on treatment with peracetic acid and ruthenium(III) chloride.Compound (XI) and 4(S)-ethyl-3-propionyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione (XII) give,on treatment with tin(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate,(3S,4R)-3-[1(R)-(tert-butyldimethysilyloxy)methyl]-4-[1(R)-[4(S)-ethyl-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-ylcarbonyl]ethyl]azetidin-2-one (XIII) as the major diastereoisomer.Reaction of (XIII) with imidazole in acetonitrile gives (3S,4R)-3-[1(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]-4-[1(R)-(imidazol-1-ylcarbonyl)ethyl]azetidin-2-one (XIV),which is treated with Mg(O2CH2CO2PNB)2 in acetonitrile to yield (3S,4R)-3-[1(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]-4-[1(R)-methyl-3-(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)-2-oxopropyl]azetidin-2-one (XV).Compound (XV) is deprotected with hydrochloric acid in methanol to give (3S,4R)-3-[1(R)-hydroxyethyl]-4-[1(R)-methyl-3-(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)-2-oxopropyl]azetidin-2-one (XVI),which on diazotization with dodecylbenzenesulfonyl azide in acetonitrile yields (3S,4R)-4-[3-diazo-1(R)-methyl-3-(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)-2-oxopropyl]-3-[1(R)-hydroxyethyl]azetidin-2-one (XVII).Treatment of compound (XVII) with rhodium(II) octanoate in ethylacetate gives p-nitrobenzyl (1R,5R,6S)-6-[1(R)-hydroxyethyl]-1-methyl-2-oxocarbapenam-3-carboxylate (XVIII),which is reacted with diphenylchlorophosphate and diisopropylethylamine to afford p-nitrobenzyl (1R,5R,6S)-2-[(diphenylphosphono)oxy]-6-[1(R)-hydroxyethyl]-1-methylcarbapen-2-em-3-carboxylate (XIX).
合成路线:Compound (XIX) reacts with 4-mercapto-N,N-bis(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)pyrazolidine (XX) in the presence of diisopropylethylamine to give p-nitrobenzyl (1R,5R,6S)-2-[[N,N-bis(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)pyrazolidin-4-yl]thio]-6-[1(R)-hydroxyethyl]-1-methylcarbapen-2-em-3-carboxylate (XXIII).Compound (XXIII) is reduced with H2 over Pd/C to give (1R,5R,6S)-2-[[N,N-bis(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)pyrazolidin-4-yl]thio]-6-[1(R)-hydroxyethyl]-1-methylcarbapen-2-em-3-carboxylate (XXIV),which is finally reacted with ethylformimidate hydrochloride (XXV).Compound (XX) is obtained from epichlorohydrin (XXI) by treatment with hydrazine monohydrate followed by reaction with p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl chloride to give 4-hydroxy-N,N-bis(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)pyrazolidine (XXII),which is subsequently treated with methanesulfonyl chloride and triethylamine in dichloromethane,potassium acetate in acetone and sodium methoxide in methanol-THF.Compound (XX) can also be obtained from hydrazine hydrate using a longer alternative procedure.
参考文献标题:Method of preparation of carbapenem cpds
文献作者:Abe,T.; Matsunaga,H.; Kumagai,T.; Nagase,Y.(Lederle (Japan),Ltd.)
参考来源:JP 1990088578
合成路线:2) The acylation of hydrazine (I) with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (II) gives 1,2-di(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)hydrazine (III),which is cyclized with 1,3-dibromo-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)propane (IV) by means of NaH in DMF yielding the pyrazolidine (V).The desilylation of (V) with tetrabutylammonium fluoride in THF affords 1,2-di(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-hydroxypyrazolidine (VI).Acylation of (VI) with methanesulfonyl chloride in dichloromethane gives the corresponding mesylate (VII),which is condensed with 4-methoxybenzyl mercaptane (VIII) by means of butyllithium in hexane to yield the benzyl ether (IX).The cyclization of (IX) with methyl formimidate hydrochloride in methanol-water affords 6-(4-methoxybenzylthio)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolium chloride (X),which is deprotected with trifluoroacetic acid giving 6-mercapto-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolium chloride (XI).Finally,this compound is condensed with (1R,5R,6S)-2-(diphenylphosphonooxy)-6-[1(R)-hydroxyethyl]-1-methyl-1-carba-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid 4-nitrobenzyl ester (XII) by means of diisopropylethylamine in DMF followed by hydrogenolysis with H2 over Pd/C in butanol-EtOAc-potassium phosphate buffer.
参考文献标题:Heteroaryliumthio substituted carbapenem derivatives: Synthesis and in vitro activity of 1beta-methyl-2-(dihydropyrrolotriazoliumthio)carbapenems
文献作者:Wildonger,K.J.; Ratcliffe,R.W.
参考来源:J Antibiot 1993,46(12),1866-82
合成路线:Reaction of 3-(benzyloxy)propionic acid (I) with 4(R)-isopropyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione (II) in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride and DMAP gives 3-[3-(benzyloxy)propanoyl]-4(R)-isopropyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione (III),which by treatment with tin(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate and excess acetaldehyde affords 3-[(2S,3R)-2-(benzyloxymethyl)-3-hydroxybutanoyl]-4(R)-isopropyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione (IV).Protection of the hydroxy group of (IV) with tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride in the presence of imidazole yields 3-[(2S,3R)-2-(benzyloxymethyl)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)butanoyl]-4(R)-isopropyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione (V),which is treated with p-anisidine to afford (2S,3R)-2-(benzyloxymethyl)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)butylamide (VI).Deprotection of (VI) by hydrogenation with Pd/C in methanol-acetic acid gives (2S,3R)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)butylamide (VII),which is mesylated with methanesulfonyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine to yield (2S,3R)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-[(methanesulfonyloxy)methyl]-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)butylamide (VIII).Cyclization of (VIII) with sodium hydride in CH2Cl2-DMF affords 3(S)-[1(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]-1-(4-methoxyphenyl) azetidin-2-one (IX),the nitrogen atom of which is deprotected with cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN) in a mixture of acetonitrile-water to yield 3(S)-[1(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]azetidin-2-one (X).Compound (X) is stereoselectively converted to (3S,4R)-3-[1(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]-4-acetoxyazetidin-2-one (XI) on treatment with peracetic acid and ruthenium(III) chloride.Compound (XI) and 4(S)-ethyl-3-propionyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione (XII) give,on treatment with tin(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate,(3S,4R)-3-[1(R)-(tert-butyldimethysilyloxy)methyl]-4-[1(R)-[4(S)-ethyl-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-ylcarbonyl]ethyl]azetidin-2-one (XIII) as the major diastereoisomer.Reaction of (XIII) with imidazole in acetonitrile gives (3S,4R)-3-[1(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]-4-[1(R)-(imidazol-1-ylcarbonyl)ethyl]azetidin-2-one (XIV),which is treated with Mg(O2CH2CO2PNB)2 in acetonitrile to yield (3S,4R)-3-[1(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]-4-[1(R)-methyl-3-(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)-2-oxopropyl]azetidin-2-one (XV).Compound (XV) is deprotected with hydrochloric acid in methanol to give (3S,4R)-3-[1(R)-hydroxyethyl]-4-[1(R)-methyl-3-(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)-2-oxopropyl]azetidin-2-one (XVI),which on diazotization with dodecylbenzenesulfonyl azide in acetonitrile yields (3S,4R)-4-[3-diazo-1(R)-methyl-3-(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)-2-oxopropyl]-3-[1(R)-hydroxyethyl]azetidin-2-one (XVII).Treatment of compound (XVII) with rhodium(II) octanoate in ethylacetate gives p-nitrobenzyl (1R,5R,6S)-6-[1(R)-hydroxyethyl]-1-methyl-2-oxocarbapenam-3-carboxylate (XVIII),which is reacted with diphenylchlorophosphate and diisopropylethylamine to afford p-nitrobenzyl (1R,5R,6S)-2-[(diphenylphosphono)oxy]-6-[1(R)-hydroxyethyl]-1-methylcarbapen-2-em-3-carboxylate (XIX).
合成路线:Compound (XIX) reacts with 4-mercapto-N,N-bis(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)pyrazolidine (XX) in the presence of diisopropylethylamine to give p-nitrobenzyl (1R,5R,6S)-2-[[N,N-bis(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)pyrazolidin-4-yl]thio]-6-[1(R)-hydroxyethyl]-1-methylcarbapen-2-em-3-carboxylate (XXIII).Compound (XXIII) is reduced with H2 over Pd/C to give (1R,5R,6S)-2-[[N,N-bis(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)pyrazolidin-4-yl]thio]-6-[1(R)-hydroxyethyl]-1-methylcarbapen-2-em-3-carboxylate (XXIV),which is finally reacted with ethylformimidate hydrochloride (XXV).Compound (XX) is obtained from epichlorohydrin (XXI) by treatment with hydrazine monohydrate followed by reaction with p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl chloride to give 4-hydroxy-N,N-bis(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)pyrazolidine (XXII),which is subsequently treated with methanesulfonyl chloride and triethylamine in dichloromethane,potassium acetate in acetone and sodium methoxide in methanol-THF.Compound (XX) can also be obtained from hydrazine hydrate using a longer alternative procedure.
合成路线:2) The acylation of hydrazine (I) with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (II) gives 1,2-di(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)hydrazine (III),which is cyclized with 1,3-dibromo-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)propane (IV) by means of NaH in DMF yielding the pyrazolidine (V).The desilylation of (V) with tetrabutylammonium fluoride in THF affords 1,2-di(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-hydroxypyrazolidine (VI).Acylation of (VI) with methanesulfonyl chloride in dichloromethane gives the corresponding mesylate (VII),which is condensed with 4-methoxybenzyl mercaptane (VIII) by means of butyllithium in hexane to yield the benzyl ether (IX).The cyclization of (IX) with methyl formimidate hydrochloride in methanol-water affords 6-(4-methoxybenzylthio)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolium chloride (X),which is deprotected with trifluoroacetic acid giving 6-mercapto-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolium chloride (XI).Finally,this compound is condensed with (1R,5R,6S)-2-(diphenylphosphonooxy)-6-[1(R)-hydroxyethyl]-1-methyl-1-carba-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid 4-nitrobenzyl ester (XII) by means of diisopropylethylamine in DMF followed by hydrogenolysis with H2 over Pd/C in butanol-EtOAc-potassium phosphate buffer.
合成路线:The hydrolysis of N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-L-proline methyl ester (I) with NaOH gives the corresponding protected amino acid (II),which is condensed with malonic acid monomethyl ester (II) by means of carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) in THF to afford the L-prolylacetate (IV).The reduction of (IV) with NaBH4 in refluxing THF-methanol gives (2S,4R)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-(1,3-dihydroxypropyl)pyrrolidine (V),which is acylated with tosyl chloride to the primary monotosylate (VI).The chromatographic separation of (VI) over SiO2 yields the [2S(1'R),4R]-enantiomer (VII),which by treatment first with methylamine followed by 4,6-dimethyl-2-(4-nitrobenzyloxycarbonylthio)pyrimidine (PNZ-Pym) affords the N-protected methylamino derivative (VIII).The mesylation of (VIII) with methanesulfonyl chloride followed by reaction with potassium thioacetate gives (2S,4S)-4-acetylthio-2-[1(R)-hydroxy-3-(4-nitrobenzyloxycarbonylamino) propyl]-1-(4-nitrobenzyl)pyrrolidine (IX),which is treated with NaOH in methanol-water to afford the corresponding thiol (X).The condensation of (X) with (1R,5R,6S)-2-(diphenylphosphoryloxy)-6-[1(R)-hydroxyethyl]-1-methyl-1-carba-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid 4-nitrobenzyl ester (XI) by means of diisopropylethylamine in acetonitrile yields the protected compound (XII),which is finally hydrolyzed and deprotected by hydrogenation with H2 over Pd/C and treatment with HCl.
参考文献标题:Biapenem
文献作者:Rabasseda,X.; Prous,J.; Casta馿r,J.
参考来源:Drugs Fut 1994,19(7),631
合成路线:Reaction of 3-(benzyloxy)propionic acid (I) with 4(R)-isopropyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione (II) in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride and DMAP gives 3-[3-(benzyloxy)propanoyl]-4(R)-isopropyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione (III),which by treatment with tin(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate and excess acetaldehyde affords 3-[(2S,3R)-2-(benzyloxymethyl)-3-hydroxybutanoyl]-4(R)-isopropyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione (IV).Protection of the hydroxy group of (IV) with tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride in the presence of imidazole yields 3-[(2S,3R)-2-(benzyloxymethyl)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)butanoyl]-4(R)-isopropyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione (V),which is treated with p-anisidine to afford (2S,3R)-2-(benzyloxymethyl)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)butylamide (VI).Deprotection of (VI) by hydrogenation with Pd/C in methanol-acetic acid gives (2S,3R)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)butylamide (VII),which is mesylated with methanesulfonyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine to yield (2S,3R)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-[(methanesulfonyloxy)methyl]-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)butylamide (VIII).Cyclization of (VIII) with sodium hydride in CH2Cl2-DMF affords 3(S)-[1(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]-1-(4-methoxyphenyl) azetidin-2-one (IX),the nitrogen atom of which is deprotected with cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN) in a mixture of acetonitrile-water to yield 3(S)-[1(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]azetidin-2-one (X).Compound (X) is stereoselectively converted to (3S,4R)-3-[1(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]-4-acetoxyazetidin-2-one (XI) on treatment with peracetic acid and ruthenium(III) chloride.Compound (XI) and 4(S)-ethyl-3-propionyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione (XII) give,on treatment with tin(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate,(3S,4R)-3-[1(R)-(tert-butyldimethysilyloxy)methyl]-4-[1(R)-[4(S)-ethyl-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-ylcarbonyl]ethyl]azetidin-2-one (XIII) as the major diastereoisomer.Reaction of (XIII) with imidazole in acetonitrile gives (3S,4R)-3-[1(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]-4-[1(R)-(imidazol-1-ylcarbonyl)ethyl]azetidin-2-one (XIV),which is treated with Mg(O2CH2CO2PNB)2 in acetonitrile to yield (3S,4R)-3-[1(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]-4-[1(R)-methyl-3-(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)-2-oxopropyl]azetidin-2-one (XV).Compound (XV) is deprotected with hydrochloric acid in methanol to give (3S,4R)-3-[1(R)-hydroxyethyl]-4-[1(R)-methyl-3-(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)-2-oxopropyl]azetidin-2-one (XVI),which on diazotization with dodecylbenzenesulfonyl azide in acetonitrile yields (3S,4R)-4-[3-diazo-1(R)-methyl-3-(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)-2-oxopropyl]-3-[1(R)-hydroxyethyl]azetidin-2-one (XVII).Treatment of compound (XVII) with rhodium(II) octanoate in ethylacetate gives p-nitrobenzyl (1R,5R,6S)-6-[1(R)-hydroxyethyl]-1-methyl-2-oxocarbapenam-3-carboxylate (XVIII),which is reacted with diphenylchlorophosphate and diisopropylethylamine to afford p-nitrobenzyl (1R,5R,6S)-2-[(diphenylphosphono)oxy]-6-[1(R)-hydroxyethyl]-1-methylcarbapen-2-em-3-carboxylate (XIX).
合成路线:Compound (XIX) reacts with 4-mercapto-N,N-bis(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)pyrazolidine (XX) in the presence of diisopropylethylamine to give p-nitrobenzyl (1R,5R,6S)-2-[[N,N-bis(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)pyrazolidin-4-yl]thio]-6-[1(R)-hydroxyethyl]-1-methylcarbapen-2-em-3-carboxylate (XXIII).Compound (XXIII) is reduced with H2 over Pd/C to give (1R,5R,6S)-2-[[N,N-bis(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)pyrazolidin-4-yl]thio]-6-[1(R)-hydroxyethyl]-1-methylcarbapen-2-em-3-carboxylate (XXIV),which is finally reacted with ethylformimidate hydrochloride (XXV).Compound (XX) is obtained from epichlorohydrin (XXI) by treatment with hydrazine monohydrate followed by reaction with p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl chloride to give 4-hydroxy-N,N-bis(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)pyrazolidine (XXII),which is subsequently treated with methanesulfonyl chloride and triethylamine in dichloromethane,potassium acetate in acetone and sodium methoxide in methanol-THF.Compound (XX) can also be obtained from hydrazine hydrate using a longer alternative procedure.
参考文献标题:beta-Lactams.3.Asymmetric total synthesis of new non-natural 1beta-methylcarbapenems exhibiting strong antimicrobial activities and stability against human renal dehydropeptidase-
文献作者:Hayashi,T.; Shimada,O.; Inoue,Y.; Nagao,Y.; Matsunaga,H.; Nagase,Y.; Kumagai,T.; Abe,T.
参考来源:J Org Chem 1992,57(15),4243-9
产品链接: CAS No. 120410-24-4››