Cyclic GMP CAS Registry Number: 7665-99-8 鸟苷3',5'-环一磷酸

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Literature References: A cellular regulatory agent which has been described as a "second messenger". See Cyclic AMP. First synthesized because of the interest in cyclic nucleotides generated by cyclic AMP: Smith et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 83, 698 (1961); Borden, Smith, J. Org. Chem. 31, 3247 (1966). Has subsequently been found in animal and bacterial cells in concentrations of 10-8 to 10-6 moles/kg. First isoln from rat urine: Ashman et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 11, 330 (1963). Structure and conformation: Chwang, Sundaralingam, Nature New Biol. 244, 136 (1973). Proposed as an antagonist of cyclic AMP in bidirectional systems such as contraction-relaxation or glycogen synthesis-glycogen breakdown. Cyclic GMP levels increase in response to a variety of hormones including acetylcholine, insulin and oxytocin. Formed by conversion of guanosine triphosphate by the enzyme guanylate cyclase and hydrolyzed by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. Found to activate specific protein kinases. Reviews of biochemical model: Goldberg et al., in Pharmacology and the Future of Man vol. 5, R. A. Maxwell, G. H. Acheson, Eds. (Karger, New York, 1973) pp 146-169; eidem in Advan. Cyclic Nucleotide Res. vol. 3, P. Greengard, G. A. Robison, Eds. (Raven Press, New York, 1973) pp 155-223; Kolata, Science 182, 149-151 (1973); Nature 246, 186 (1973); N. D. Goldberg, M. K. Haddox, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 46, 823-896 (1977). Book: Handb. Exp. Pharmacol. 58, entitled "Cyclic Nucleotides", Pt. I: Biochemistry and Pt. II: Physiology Pharmacology, J. A. Nathanson, J. W. Kobabian, Eds. (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1982) 736 and 1000 pp resp.