Properties: Monomer, flake-like crystals from benzene. d430 1.122. mp 84.5°. bp2 87°; bp5 103°; bp25 125°. Solubilities in g/100 ml solvent at 30°: water 215.5; methanol 155; ethanol 86.2; acetone 63.1; ethyl acetate 12.6; chloroform 2.66; benzene 0.346; heptane 0.0068. The solid may be stored in a cool, dark place. Readily polymerizes at the mp or under uv light. Commercial solns of the monomer may be stabilized with hydroquinone, tert-butylpyrocatechol, N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine or other antioxidants. LD50 i.p. in mice: 170 mg/kg (Peterson, Sheth).
Melting point: mp 84.5°
Boiling point: bp2 87°; bp5 103°; bp25 125°
Density: d430 1.122
Toxicity data: LD50 i.p. in mice: 170 mg/kg (Peterson, Sheth)
Derivative Type: Polymer
Literature References: Various forms, sol and insol in water, are obtained by heating with various polymerization catalysts: C. E. Schildknecht, Vinyl and Related Polymers (Wiley, New York, 1952) pp 314-322; D. Lipp, J. Kozakiewicz in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology
vol. 1 (John Wiley Sons, New York, 4th ed., 1991) pp 266-287.
CAUTION: Potential symptoms of overexposure to the monomer are ataxia, numbness of limbs, paresthesia; muscle weakness; absence of deep tendon reflex; sweating of hands; fatigue, lethargy; irritation of eyes and skin; reproductive effects. See NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (DHHS/NIOSH 97-140, 1997) p 6. Readily absorbed through intact skin from aqueous solutions. See Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products, R. E. Gosselin et al., Eds. (Williams Wilkins, Baltimore, 5th ed., 1984) Section II, p 409. This substance is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen: Report on Carcinogens, Eleventh Edition (PB2005-104914, 2004) p III-4.
Use: Monomer as chemical intermediate in production of polyacrylamides; in synthesis of dyes; in copolymers for contact lenses; in construction of dam foundations, tunnels and sewers. Polymers as additives for water treatment, enhanced oil recovery, flocculants, papermaking aids, thickeners, soil conditioning agents, sewage and waste treatment, ore processing, permanent-press fabrics.
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