
CAS Name: 5-[[4-[2-(5-Ethyl-2-pyridinyl)ethoxy]phenyl]methyl]-2,4-thiazolidinedione
Additional Names: (±)-5-[p-[2-(ethyl-2-pyridyl)ethoxy]benzyl]-2,4-thiazolidinedionePercent Composition: ...
Literature References: Insulin sensitizer. Prepn: K. Meguro, T. Fujita, EP 193256; eidem, US 4687777 (1986, 1987 both to Takeda); T. Sohda et al., Arzneim.-Forsch. 40, 37 (1990). Pharmacology: H. Ikeda et al., ibid. 156. HPLC determn in serum: W. Z. Zhong, D. B. Lakings, J. Chromatogr. 490, 377 (1989). Mechanism of action: C. Hofmann et al., Endocrinology 129, 1915 (1991); M. Kobayashi et al., Diabetes 41, 476 (1992). Effect on adipocyte differentiation: T. Sandouk et al., Am. J. Physiol. 264, C1600 (1993). Clinical evaluation in noninsulin-dependent diabetes: R. Kawamori et al., Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 41, 35 (1998).
CAS Name: 5-[[4-[2-(Methyl-2-pyridinylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]methyl]-2,4-thiazolidinedione
Additional Names: 5-[4-[2-[N-methyl-N-(2-pyridinyl)amino]ethoxy]benzyl]-2,4-thiazolidinedionePercent Comp...
Literature References: Insulin sensitizer; binds to peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-g). Prepn: R. M. Hindley, EP 306228; idem, US 5002953 (1989, 1991 both to Beecham); B. C. C. Cantello et al., J. Med. Chem. 37, 3977 (1994). Pharmacology: N. D. Oakes et al., Diabetes 43, 1203 (1994). Binding study: D. E. Mais et al., Med. Chem. Res. 7, 325 (1997). Clinical pharmacokinetics and bioavailability: M. I. Freed et al., Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 55, 53 (1999). Review of pharmacology and clinical experience: J. A. Barman Balfour, G. L. Plosker, Drugs 57, 921-930 (1999).
Additional Names: Caeruloplasmin; ferroxidase
Literature References: Intensely blue colored copper-containing glycoprotein of the a2-globulin fraction of mammalian blood; it is the principal copper transport protein and is believed to play an important role in iron mobilization via its ferroxidase activity. First reported by C. G. Holmberg, Acta Physiol. Scand. 8, 227 (1944). Isoln, purification and description of properties of porcine and human ceruloplasmin: C. G. Holmberg, C. B. Laurell, Acta Chem. Scand. 2, 550 (1948). Ceruloplasmin accounts for 90-95% of the circulating copper in normal mammals. Its concentration increases by a factor of 2 to 3 during pregnancy and varies significantly in several diseases and hormonal conditions. Prepd by Cohn cold ethanol fractionation: Cohn et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 68, 459 (1946); Steinbuch, Quentin, Nature 183, 323 (1959); and further purified from fraction IV: Sanders et al., Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 84, 60 (1959); US 3003918 (1961 to Merck Co.). Different mol wts have been reported for human ceruloplasmin, ranging from 126,000 to 160,000; the most generally accepted is 134,000 ±3000, cf. L. Ryder, I. Björk, Biochemistry 15, 3411 (1976). Chemical and structural studies of porcine ceruloplasmin: Osaki et al., J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 48, 190 (1960); 50, 24, 29 (1961); Mukasa et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 168, 132 (1968); Matsunaga, Nosoh, ibid. 215, 280 (1970); of human: Kasper, Deutsch, J. Biol. Chem. 238, 2325 (1963); Jamieson, ibid. 240, 2019 (1965); Poillon, Bearn, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 127, 407 (1966); Simons, Bearn, ibid. 175, 260 (1969); Ryden, Eur. J. Biochem. 26, 380 (1972); T. G. Samsonidze et al., Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. 14, 161 (1979); V. N. Zaitsev et al., Kristallografiya 25, 174 (1980), C.A. 92, 210415q (1980). Human metabolism: Kekki et al., Nature 209, 1252 (1966). Reviews of biological role: E. Frieden, H. S. Hsieh, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 74, 505-529 (1976); J. M. C. Gutteridge, Ann. Clin. Biochem. 15, 293-296 (1978). Comprehensive review: S. H. Laurie, E. S. Mohammed, Coord. Chem. Rev. 33, 279-312 (1980).
CAS Name: 5,6,8,14-Tetradehydro-4-hydroxy-3,6-dimethoxy-17-methylmorphinan-7-one
Additional Names: floripavine
Percent Composition: C 69.71%, H 6.47%, N 4.28%, O 19.55%
Literature References: Intermediate in morphine synthesis; naturally occurring in (+)-form. Isolated from various species of Croton and Papaver: Barton et al., J. Chem. Soc. 1965, 2423; Pfeifer, Kühn, Pharmazie 23, 267 (1968). Structure and identity with floripavine: Mndzhoyan et al., C.A. 68, 114787w (1968). Synthesis: T. Kametani et al., J. Chem. Soc. C 1969, 2030; G. Horvath, S. Makleit, Acta Chim. Acad. Sci. Hung. 106, 37 (1981); of racemate: T. Kametani et al., J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 1972, 1435; C. Szántay et al., J. Org. Chem. 47, 594 (1982); of racemate and (-)-form: W. Ludwig, H. J. Schafer, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 25, 1025 (1986). Review: Stuart, Chem. Rev. 1971, 47.
CAS Name: 1-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(methylamino)ethanone
Additional Names: 3',4'-dihydroxy-2-(methylamino)acetophenone; 3,4-dihydroxy-a-methylaminoacetophenone; adrenone; 4-methylaminocetopyro...
Literature References: Intermediate in some epinephrine manuf processes. Prepd from 4-chloroacetylpyrocatechol and methylamine: DE 152814 (Hoechst); Stolz, Ber. 37, 4152 (1904); by heating a-(p-toluene sulfonylmethylamino)-3,4-dimethoxyacetophenone with HCl under pressure: DE 277540 (Bayer); Frdl. 12, 764; Chem. Zentralbl. 1914, II, 740.
CAS Name: 6,10-Dimethyl-3,5,9-undecatriene-2-one
Additional Names: citrylideneacetone; 2,6-dimethylhendeca-2,6,8-trien-10-one
Percent Composition: C 81.20%, H 10.48%, O 8.32%
Literature References: Intermediate in the synthesis of a- and b-ionone. Prepn from citral and acetone: Tiemann, Krüger, Ber. 26, 2692 (1893); Stiehl, J. Prakt. Chem. [2] 58, 84 (1898); Tiemann, Ber. 32, 115 (1899); Hibbert, Cannon, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 46, 119 (1924); A. Russel, R. L. Kenyon, Org. Synth. coll. vol. III, 747 (1955). A less pure product is obtained by the treatment of oil of lemon grass and acetone with bleaching powder, cobalt nitrate, and alcohol: Ziegler, J. Prakt. Chem. [2] 57, 493 (1898); Tiemann, Ber. 31, 2313 (1898); Haarmann, Reimer Co., DE 73089; Frdl. 3, 889. Synthesis: T. Onishi et al., Synthesis 1980, 651.
CAS Name: (aR,2S,3S,5R)-Tetrahydro-a,3,5-trimethyl-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-acetic acid
Additional Names: (+)-Prelog-Djerassi lactonic acid; 6-(1-carboxyethyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyranon...
Literature References: Intermediate in the synthesis of macrolide antibiotics. Isoln as degradation product of narbomycin, q.v.: R. Anliker et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 39, 1785 (1956); of methymycin, q.v.: C. Djerassi, J. A. Zderic, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 78, 6390 (1956). Abs config: R. W. Rickards, R. M. Smith, Tetrahedron Lett. 1970, 1025. Synthesis: P. A. Grieco et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101, 4749 (1979); D. A. Evans, J. Bartroli, Tetrahedron Lett. 23, 807 (1982). Synthesis of (±)-form: S. Masamune et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 97, 3512 (1975); C. Santelli-Rouvier et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 35, 6101 (1994). Review of stereoselective syntheses: S. F. Martin, D. E. Guinn, Synthesis 1991, 245.
CAS Name: 11,12-Didehydro-7,10-dihydro-10-hydroxyretinol
Additional Names: 3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)nona-2,7-dien-4-yne-1,6-diol
Percent Composition: C 79.42%, H 10....
Literature References: Intermediate in the vitamin A synthesis. Prepn: Isler et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 30, 1911 (1947); Isler, US 2451739 (1948 to Hoffmann-La Roche); Kardys, US 3046310 (1962 to Pfizer).
Trademarks: Ac-Di-Sol (FMC)
Literature References: Internally cross-linked form of carboxymethylcellulose sodium (NaCMC), q.v. Prepd by lowering pH of NaCMC in solution, then heating: Technical Literature, FMC Corp. Use as tablet disintegrant: D. Gissinger, A. Stamm, Pharm. Ind. 42, 189 (1980); M. E. Sangalli et al., Boll. Chim. Farm. 128, 242 (1989). Evaluation of drug-excipient interaction: R. G. Hollenbeck et al., J. Pharm. Sci. 72, 325 (1983). Water sorption and thermal behavior: D. Faroongsarng, G. E. Peck, Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 20, 779 (1994). Mechanism of action study: R. Thibert, B. C. Hancock, J. Pharm. Sci. 85, 1255 (1996).
CAS Name: Hexahydro-1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-1H-1,4-diazepine
Additional Names: N-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-1,4-perhydrodiazepine; 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)homopiperazine
Percent Composit...
Literature References: Intracellular calcium antagonist. Prepn: H. Hidaka, T. Sone, EP 187371; eidem, US 4678783 (1986, 1987 both to Asahi); A. Morikawa et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull. 40, 770 (1992). Pharmacology: T. Asano et al., Br. J. Pharmacol. 98, 1091 (1989). Mechanism of action: idem et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 241, 1033 (1987). Clinical trials: M. Shibuya et al., J. Neurosurg. 76, 571 (1992). Acute toxicity: H. Koga et al., Yakuri to Chiryo 20, S1433 (1992), C.A. 117, 226005b (1992). Review of pharmacology and clinical evaluation: M. Shirotani et al., Cardiovasc. Drug Rev. 10, 333-357 (1992).
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