Carnitine CAS Registry Number: 541-15-1 左旋肉碱

📌 参考资料/链接：
Literature References: Essential cofactor of fatty acid metabolism; required for the transport of fatty acids through the inner mitochondrial membrane. Synthesized primarily in the liver and kidney; highest concentrations found in heart and skeletal muscle. Named derived from the Latin word, carnis, meaning meat or flesh. Dietary sources include red meat, dairy products, beans, avocado. Isoln from meat extract: W. Gulewitsch, R. Krimberg, Z. Physiol. Chem. 45, 326 (1905); H. E. Carter, P. K. Bhattacharyya, Methods Enzymol. III, 660 (1957). Identification as vitamin BT: H. E. Carter et al., Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 38, 405 (1952). Synthesis: M. Tomita, Y. Sendju, Z. Physiol. Chem. 169, 263 (1927); R. Voeffray et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 70, 2058 (1987). Enantioselective synthesis from glycerol: M. Marzi et al., J. Org. Chem. 65, 6766 (2000). Biosynthesis: G. Wolf, C. R. A. Berger, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 92, 360 (1961). Absolute configuration: T. Kaneko, R. Yoshida, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 35, 1153 (1962). Metabolism in humans: M. E. Mitchell, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 31, 293 (1978). Historical review: G. Fraenkel, S. Friedman, Vitam. Horm. XV, 73-118 (1957). Review of physiological significance and deficiency syndromes: C. J. Rebouche, D. J. Paulson, Annu. Rev. Nutr. 6, 41-66 (1986); of clinical pharmacology: J. J. Bahl, R. Bressler, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 27, 257-277 (1987); of biosynthesis in mammals: F. M. Vaz, R. J. A. Wanders, Biochem. J. 361, 417-429 (2002). Review of effect on myocardial metabolism and clinical experience in ischemic heart disease: R. Lango et al., Cardiovasc. Res. 51, 21-29 (2001); of use as dietary supplement in athletes: H. Karlic, A. Lohninger, Nutrition 20, 709-715 (2004). Symposium on physiology, pharmacology and therapeutic potential: Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1033, 1-197 (2004).