
CAS Name: 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid, (2R,3R)-3,4-dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-3-yl ester
Additional Names: (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate; (-)-epigalloc...
Literature References: Polyphenolic constituent of tea; inhibits tumor promotion. Initial identification and isoln from green tea: M. Tsujimura, Bull. Agric. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 6, 70 (1930); C.A. 25, 3637 (1931); and crystallization: L. Vuataz et al., J. Chromatogr. 2, 173 (1959). Oxidation during tea fermentation: P. Coggon et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. 21, 727 (1973). HPLC/MS extraction from black tea: R. G. Bailey et al., J. Sci. Food Agric. 66, 203 (1994). HPLC determn in plasma and urine: M.-J. Lee et al., Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 4, 393 (1995). Antitumor promoting activity: S. Yoshizawa et al., Phytother. Res. 1, 44 (1987); T. Yamane et al., Cancer Res. 55, 2081 (1995). Inhibition of metastasis in mice: S. Taniguchi et al., Cancer Lett. 65, 51 (1992). Modulation of endocrine systems and food intake: Y.-H. Kao, et al., Endocrinology 141, 980 (2000).
CAS Name: (6Z,9Z,12Z)-6,9,12-Octadecatrienoic acid
Additional Names: cis-6,cis-9,cis-12-octadecatrienoic acid; gamolenic acid; GLA
Trademarks: Viacutan (Boehringer, Ing.)
Percent Composit...
Literature References: Polyunsaturated fatty acid produced in the body as the D6-desaturase metabolite of linoleic acid, q.v. Converted to dihomo-g-linolenic acid, a biosynthetic precursor of monoenoic prostaglandins such as PGE1. Present to varying extents in the fatty acid fraction of evening primrose oil (7-10%), in borage oil (18-26%), in black currant oil (15-20%) and in oils from different fungal sources (6-24%). Isoln from evening primrose oil, q.v.: A. Heiduschka, K. Luft, Arch. Pharm. 257, 33 (1919). Proposed structure: Eibner et al., Chem. Umschau. 34, 312 (1927). Confirmation of structure: J. P. Riley, J. Chem. Soc. 1949, 2728. Discussion of occurrence, esp. in fungi: R. Shaw, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 98, 230 (1965). Synthesis: J. M. Osbond et al., J. Chem. Soc. 1961, 2779; J. M. Osbond, ibid. 5270. Metabolism studies: J. F. Mead, D. R. Howton, J. Biol. Chem. 229, 575 (1957); K. J. Stone et al., Lipids 14, 174 (1979). Effect of source on essential fatty acid and prostanoid metabolite formation: D. K. Jenkins et al., Med. Sci. Res. 16, 525 (1988).
CAS Name: Chloroethene homopolymer
Additional Names: chloroethylene polymer; PVC
Trademarks: Geon (Goodrich); Breon; Welvic (European Vinyls); Movyl (Montecatini); Tevilon (Teikoku Rayon); K...
Literature References: Polyvinyl chloride fibers are marketed under the names: Rhovyl (Rhovyl) , Fibravyl (Rhovyl) , Thermovyl (Rhovyl) , Isovyl (Rhovyl) , Retractyl (Rhovyl) , Crinovyl (Rhovyl) , Envilon (Toyo) , Nip (Nichay) . Average mol wt ~60,000 to 150,000. Prepn: Baumann, Ann. 163, 308 (1872); Schoenfeld, US 2168808 (1937 to B. F. Goodrich). Structure: Natta, Rigamonti, Atti Accad. Naz. Lincei Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Nat. Rend. 24, 381 (1936); C.A. 31, 45639 (1937); Marvel et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 61, 3241 (1939). Reviews: C. E. Schildknecht, Vinyl and Related Polymers (Wiley, New York, 1952) pp 392-442. Technology: W. S. Penn, PVC Technology (Maclaren, London, 1962); J. A. Davidson, K. L. Gardner, "Vinyl Polymers (PVC)" in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology vol. 23 (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 3rd ed., 1983) pp 886-936. Book: Sarvetnick, Polyvinyl Chloride (Van Nostrand, Reinhold, New York, 1969).
CAS Name: 2-[2,4-Dichloro-5-(2-propynyloxy)phenyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3(2H)-oneTrademarks: Milestone (DuPont); Evolus (DuPont)
Percent Composition: C 53.27%, H 3.87...
Literature References: Porphyrin biosynthesis inhibitor. Prepn: A. D. Wolf, BE 862884; idem, US 4213773 (1978, 1980 both to Du Pont). Review of physical properties, mode of action, and activity: K. Amuti et al., Brighton Crop Prot. Conf. - Weeds 1997, 59-66.
CAS Name: 4,5-Dihydro-6-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl]-5-methyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone
Additional Names: UD-CG 115; UD-CG 115 BS; 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5(6)-(5-methyl-3-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2H...
Literature References: Positive inotropic agent. Prepn: V. Austel et al., DE 2837161; eidem, US 4361563 (1980, 1982 both to Thomae). Cardiovascular effects: J. C. A. von Meel, Arzneim.-Forsch. 35, 284 (1985); P. D. Verdouw et al., Eur. J. Pharmacol. 126, 21 (1986). Comparison of enantiomer activity: K. Fujino et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 247, 519 (1988). Clinical trial in congestive heart failure: F. Hagemeijer, Am. Heart J. 122, 517 (1991); S. D. Katz et al., ibid. 123, 95 (1992).
CAS Name: 1-(3,4-Dimethoxybenzoyl)-4-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-oxo-6-quinolinyl)piperazine
Additional Names: 3,4-dihydro-6-[4-(3,4-dimethoxybenzoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 6-[4-(3,4-dime...
Literature References: Positive inotropic agent. Prepn: Y. H. Yang et al., BE 890942; M. Tominaga et al., US 4415572 (1982, 1983 both to Otsuka); M. Tominaga et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull. 32, 2100 (1984). Physicochemical properties: T. Shimizu et al., Arzneim.-Forsch. 34, 334 (1984). Series of articles on mechanism of action and pharmacology: ibid. 342-402. Effects on canine arrhythmias: K. Hashimoto, H. Mitsuhashi, Br. J. Pharmacol. 88, 915 (1986). Metabolism: G. Miyamoto et al., Xenobiotica 18, 1143 (1988). Clinical pharmacokinetics: A. Ohnishi, T. Ishizaki, J. Clin. Pharmacol. 28, 719 (1988). HPLC determn in plasma and urine: G. Miyamoto et al., J. Chromatogr. 338, 450 (1985). Clinical evaluations in congestive heart failure: H. Asanoi et al., J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 9, 865 (1987); A. M. Feldman et al., Am. Heart J. 116, 771 (1988).
CAS Name: 5-[2-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide
Trademarks: Flex (Syngenta); Reflex (Syngenta)
Percent Composition: C 41.06%, H 2.30%, Cl 8.08%, F 12.99...
Literature References: Post-emergence diphenyl ether herbicide used for early control of broad-leaf weeds in soybean and other legume crops. Prepn: D. Cartwright, D. J. Collins, EP 3416; eidem, US 4285723 (1979, 1981 both to Imperial Chemical Industries). Properties and field trial in soybeans: S. R. Colby, J. W. Barnes, Proc. 10th Int. Congr. Plant Prot. 1, 295 (1983); in green beans: C. M. Knott, Brighton Crop Prot. Conf. - Weeds 1993, 1053. Mode of selectivity and metabolism in plant crops and weeds: J. D. H. L. Evans et al., Proc. Br. Crop Prot. Conf. - Weeds 1987, 345. Metabolism and hepatoxicity in rodents: J. Krijt et al., Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 18, 338 (1999). Environmental fate in soils: J. B. Weber, Pestic. Sci. 39, 31 (1993); J. Guo et al., Water Air Soil Pollut. 148, 77 (2003). Ecotoxicological effects in aquatic systems: T. Caquet et al., Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 24, 1116 (2005).
CAS Name: N-(4,6-Dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)-3-methyl-2,4-dithia-3,5-diazahexan-6-amide 2,2,4,4-tetraoxide
Additional Names: 3-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl-)-1-(
N-methyl-
N-methyl-sulfonyl)...
Literature References: Post-emergence herbicide for broad-leaf weed control in cereals. Prepn: L. Willms et al., EP 131258; eidem, US 4601747 (1985, 1986 both to Hoechst). Degradation in soil: G. Fent et al., Sci. Total Environ. 132, 201 (1993); K. L. Sagan et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. 46, 1205 (1998). Field trial in cereal crops: D. S. M. D'Souza et al., Brighton Crop Prot. Conf. - Weeds 1993, 567; for control of wild mustard in canola: K. J. Kirkland Weed Technol. 9, 541 (1995).
CAS Name: N-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-methyl-2-propenamide
Additional Names: 3',4'-dichloro-2-methylacrylanilide; N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)methacrylamide; chloranocrylPercent Composition: C 52.20%, H...
Literature References: Post-emergence herbicide. Prepn from 3,4-dichloroaniline with methacryloyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine. Prepd but not claimed: Thompson, US 3169850 (1965). Toxicity study: G. W. Bailey, J. L. White, Residue Rev. 10, 97 (1965).
CAS Name: 2-[[[[(4,6-Dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamideTrademarks: Accent (DuPont); Nostoc (Ipesa)
Percent Composition: C 43.90%, H 4.42%,...
Literature References: Post-emergence sulfonylurea herbicide. Prepn: F. Kimura et al., EP 232067 (1987 to Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha); M. A. Hanagan, US 4789393 (1988 to DuPont); and structure-activity study: S. Murai et al., ACS Symp. Ser. 504, 43 (1992). Activity in soil: T. C. Mueller et al., Tenn. Farm Home Sci. 167, 17 (1993). Adsorption on clay minerals: L. Ukrainczyk, N. Rashid, J. Agric. Food Chem. 43, 855 (1995). Field trial for johnsongrass in corn and effect on yield: N. G. Gubbiga et al., Weed Technol. 9, 574 (1995).
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